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Cracking the code of consumer behavior: A leader’s guide

Leading Off

Understand the demand ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 
Leading Off

Brought to you by Alex Panas, global leader of industries, & Axel Karlsson, global leader of functional practices and growth platforms

Welcome to the latest edition of Leading Off. We hope you find our insights useful. Let us know what you think at Alex_Panas@McKinsey.com and Axel_Karlsson@McKinsey.com.

—Alex and Axel

Do you know what your customers want? This is a central question for leaders in all industries—and a particularly challenging one for consumer companies to answer, as people’s buying motivations and habits have become more unpredictable. McKinsey research shows that in the United States, consumers’ sentiment and their spending have been out of sync for the past couple of years after decades of moving in lockstep. This week, we look at how the leaders of consumer-facing businesses can better compete by recognizing and reacting to shifts in people’s purchasing decisions.

An image linking to the web page “State of the Consumer 2025: When disruption becomes permanent” on McKinsey.com.

The COVID-19 pandemic altered customer behaviors in ways that, five years later, continue to shape the market for consumer products. Understanding the evolution of consumers’ habits and buying decisions can help companies turn uncertainty into opportunity, according to McKinsey’s Becca Coggins, Christina Adams, Kari Alldredge, and their coauthors. They identify five pandemic-era behavioral changes that persist today—among them: Consumers spend more time alone and online, they trust brand and product recommendations from friends and family more than from social media channels, and they prefer to buy from local businesses. “It’s not that today’s consumers are irrational; it’s that the old frameworks used to decipher their behavior no longer apply,” the authors say. They suggest four strategies for consumer companies to succeed in this dynamic environment, including getting closer to their customers, tailoring their business portfolio for growth, and improving their technological capabilities.

An image linking to the web page “The fashion industry faces a world in flux” on McKinsey.com.

Like other consumer goods companies, fashion brands are investing in AI, analytics, and social media to better understand and entice their customers in a more uncertain business environment. McKinsey Senior Partner Gemma D’Auria says that digital tools are a key source of growth for newer, smaller brands. “They create very sticky communities because it’s not just about customer acquisition; it’s really about customer engagement,” she says in an episode of The McKinsey Podcast. While younger generations are a critical demographic for fashion companies, D’Auria stresses that “silver spenders” are also important to the industry’s growth. “The global population aged 50+ is growing faster than any other generation. They account for 38 percent of consumer spend today and for about half of growth in consumer spend,” she says. “It’s a call to action for fashion brands to think about what their strategy is to be relevant to and attract older consumers.”

An image linking to the web page “The attention equation: Winning the right battles for consumer attention” on McKinsey.com.

How many people watch a newly released movie or TV show? How long do people spend on certain websites or social media channels? Media businesses have long viewed the size of their audience and the amount of time spent engaging with their content as critical measures of success. But new McKinsey research, based on a survey of more than 7,000 global consumers, suggests that they have overlooked a critical piece of the story: the quality of time that consumers spend with their products. Senior Partners Kabir Ahuja and Marc Brodherson and their coauthors have developed a new “attention equation” that determines the amount of valuable time consumers spend on media products, based on their focus and intent. Analyzing 20 primary media arenas, they find that live experiences such as sports, amusement parks, and concerts generate the most valuable consumer attention, while digital music, radio, and podcasts rank on the low end. The attention equation can help leaders “more effectively match content to context, better understand their consumers, and invest in and monetize the most valuable attention for them,” the authors say.

Lead by learning what consumers want.

— Edited by Eric Quiñones, senior editor, New Jersey

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by "McKinsey Leading Off" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 04:30 - 23 Jun 2025