Professional Solutions to Cutting Challenges in the Building Decoration Industry

Dear info,

I'm Xavier from Koocut Cutting Technology (Sichuan) Co., Ltd. Our company has extensive experience in the cutting - tool industry, thanks to the technical accumulation of our parent company over the past two decades.

In the building decoration industry, precision and efficiency are of utmost importance. Our PCD cement - fiber - board - processing circular saw blades and TCT color - steel - plate - processing circular saw blades are specifically designed to address the cutting challenges in this field. These blades can cut various building materials with high precision, resulting in smooth edges and minimal waste.

Our factory, operating in line with Industry 4.0 standards, features intelligent and flexible production capabilities. This means we can quickly adjust production according to your specific order requirements, whether it's a small - batch customized order or a large - scale standard order. We also have a strict quality control system to ensure that every product leaving our factory meets the highest quality standards.

We've already worked with many building decoration service providers globally, helping them improve project efficiency and customer satisfaction. We believe we can do the same for your company. If you have any questions or are interested in our products, please contact me.

Best regards,

Contact Information:
WhatsApp:+86 17388372772
Email: xavier@koocut.com

Koocut Cutting Technology (Sichuan) Co., Ltd.

by "Gonzaliz Levinsky" <levinskygonzaliz@gmail.com> - 01:11 - 31 Mar 2025

Provide power solutions and tender for various power projects

Hi info,

This is Mulang Electric,a company focus on Low voltage-ATS,MCCB,MCB,ACB,SPD. We work with organizations like Schneider,Siemens,ABB to Joint development of low-voltage electrical products.

Provide power solutions and tender for various power projects.

Our products are of top quality and help my clients increase sales by offering new and unique designs to capture the market and win projects. The benefit for our clients is that they can get more and more clients and projects.

Could you direct me to the right person to talk to about this so we can explore if this would be something valuable to incorporate into your projects?

Kind regards,

Mulang Electric

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A leader’s guide to gen AI–powered workforce planning

Leading Off

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ESSENTIALS FOR LEADERS AND THOSE THEY LEAD

Brought to you by Alex Panas, global leader of industries, & Axel Karlsson, global leader of functional practices and growth platforms

Welcome to the latest edition of Leading Off. We hope you find our insights useful. Let us know what you think at Alex_Panas@McKinsey.com and Axel_Karlsson@McKinsey.com.

—Alex and Axel

Employees are an organization’s biggest investment and source of value. For leaders, this means it is critical to establish effective strategies for putting the right talent in the right roles and to give workers the support and opportunities they need to prosper. But how can companies make long-term workforce decisions while rapid changes in technology are reshaping the skills and roles that will be essential to their future success? This week, we look at how organizations can approach strategic workforce planning (SWP) in the age of gen AI.

An IDEA

An image linking to the web page “The critical role of strategic workforce planning in the age of AI” on McKinsey.com.

Plan for a new future

Many top-performing companies treat talent planning with the same rigor as managing their financial capital. As gen AI transforms the nature of work, the use of SWP can be particularly effective in helping companies analyze their future talent needs and investments—and as a result, operate more fluidly and efficiently. That’s according to McKinsey’s Neel Gandhi , Sandra Durth , Vincent Bérubé, and their coauthors, who identify five practices to help companies prepare for disruptions caused by AI and other technological advances. These practices include planning for multiple business scenarios, taking an innovative approach to filling talent gaps, and embedding SWP into business as usual. “SWP enables a more rapid redeployment of resources, ensuring that talent is allocated where it is most needed in real time,” the authors say. “This agility helps organizations move away from traditional ‘hire–fire’ cycles toward more sustainable through-cycle capacity management.” To hear more from McKinsey experts, register now for a webinar on SWP on Thursday, April 10.

A BIG NUMBER

30%

That’s the percentage of current hours worked in the United States that could be automated by 2030—a potential outcome that’s accelerated by gen AI, according to a McKinsey Global Institute report on the future of work. The report also finds that about 27 percent of hours worked in Europe could be automated. McKinsey’s Anu Madgavkar , Dana Maor , Sven Smit , and their coauthors say that these changes could lead to up to 12 million occupational transitions in both the United States and Europe, as the demand for a range of roles is shifting .

A QUOTE

“As gen AI and automation reshape roles, employees will also need strong cognitive, strategic-thinking, and social and emotional skills to handle more complex tasks that complement AI.”

That’s McKinsey’s Charlotte Relyea, Dana Maor, Sandra Durth, and Jan Bouly on the skills needed to support organizations’ gen AI–driven transformations. They say that companies can capitalize on employees’ enthusiasm for gen AI by investing in both technology adoption and skill building, which will require close collaboration between business, tech, and HR leaders. As the authors note, one executive recommends that organizations spend $5 on people for every $1 spent on technology.

A SPOTLIGHT INTERVIEW

An image linking to the web page “Gen AI: A cognitive industrial revolution” on McKinsey.com.

Companies should approach gen AI adoption with speed, resolve, and an acceptance that they will likely encounter bumps along the way, says Silicon Valley pioneer Reid Hoffman. Leaders also must have a compassionate mindset about the transition, Hoffman—a partner at venture capital firm Greylock Partners and cofounder of LinkedIn and Inflection AI—says in an episode of McKinsey’s At the Edge podcast. Leaders have to consider how their employees will learn new ways of working and how customers will adjust to engaging differently with their company. “That doesn’t mean being soft and not driving hard into the future and breaking some eggs,” Hoffman says. “Being compassionate means caring about the human experience, the human transitions, and the human costs involved in all this. It also means having human well-being as your ultimate goal, both in the now, in the transitionary, and in the future.”

TRANSFORMING TRAVEL

An image linking to the web page “AI can transform workforce planning for travel and logistics companies” on McKinsey.com.

Travel and logistics companies are on their own journey to an AI-powered future—one that goes far beyond using a bot to book a dream trip . Airlines, hotels, logistics services providers, and other companies in these sectors can create significant value by using gen AI and other new solutions in their workforce planning, according to McKinsey Senior Partners Jorge Amar and Sal Arora and their coauthors. These companies are facing labor shortages, due to factors such as high attrition rates and an expected wave of baby boomer retirements. To meet these and other workforce management challenges, the authors note that AI-powered approaches can help fill a range of roles, from drivers, pilots, and flight crews to call center employees, dispatchers, and reservation takers. The use of AI can help these companies “get the most out of the workforces they have—while taking steps toward creating the workforces they want,” the authors say.

Lead by planning for gen AI’s talent impact.

— Edited by Eric Quiñones, senior editor, New York

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by "McKinsey Leading Off" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 03:15 - 31 Mar 2025

What common biases can distort decision-making?

On McKinsey Perspectives

DELIVERING ACTIONABLE INSIGHTS ON THE DAY’S NEWS

Brought to you by Alex Panas, global leader of industries, & Axel Karlsson, global leader of functional practices and growth platforms

Welcome to the latest edition of Only McKinsey Perspectives. We hope you find our insights useful. Let us know what you think at Alex_Panas@McKinsey.com and Axel_Karlsson@McKinsey.com.

—Alex and Axel

Debias your decisions

In the news

•

The power of pausing. Making the right decision is a difficult endeavor for today’s business leaders, a business ethics professor reflects in The Harvard Gazette. As today’s companies are becoming more and more entangled in complex relationships with other entities, such as interest groups and governments, the essential questions about ethical challenges that managers ask are often open ended. To combat cognitive biases that may result in questionable decisions, leaders can pause for reflection, whether through exercise, prayer, or a chat with a trusted friend. [Harvard Gazette]

•

Industrialized decision-making. One reason why large companies make bad decisions is that individuals aren’t always held accountable for the decisions they make, an economist asserts in the Financial Times. In complex organizations, it isn’t feasible for individuals to make their own decisions—and then answer for them—at the scale required for effective operations. Since the modern world demands that management processes be industrialized (similar to other types of production such as manufacturing), to make better decisions, leaders could more thoughtfully design decision-making procedures. [FT]

One research effort found that for big-bet decisions, high-quality debate led to decisions that were 2.3 times more likely to be successful.

On McKinsey.com

•

Conquering cognitive distortions. Humans have inherent biases that can stall, skew, or deny the clear and objective decision-making that’s essential to strategic management. Yet as the late Nobel Prize–winning psychologist and economist Daniel Kahneman noted, “Organizations can put systems in place to help them.” Indeed, by creating rules and processes that enable organizations to overcome people’s biases, leaders can more effectively link strategy to value creation, McKinsey Partner Tim Koller explains.

•

Encouraging dissent. Groups of decision-makers often fall into groupthink—that is, prioritizing harmony and consensus over the objective evaluation of all options—which can result in weaker or even disastrous decisions. Since decisions are better when there is rigorous debate, organizations that make it socially acceptable to present an opposing view (for instance, by assigning someone to play devil’s advocate) can improve overall decision-making. Discover four common biases that can affect organizational decision-making, along with potential solutions.

Beat decision-making bias

—Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta

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by "Only McKinsey Perspectives" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 12:42 - 31 Mar 2025

Re: Artificial grass you need/17 years factory

Dear info,

Very glad to know you from your web site, that you are on the market of artificial grass with most prestigious quality.

To be even more successful, you might look for a very capable & reliable producing supplier. QIYUE GRASS is a good one for you to rely on. We have 17 years of production experience.

Can you do me a favor? What we should do to apply for & become your

new vendor?

Thanks & Best regards,
Eddy Zhang Factory Owner
SUQIAN QIYUE ARTIFICIAL GRASS CARPET CO.,LTD
Add: North side of Sanchuang Industrial Park,Suqian city,Jiangsu,China.
Mobile/Whatsapp: +86-18705246071
Website: www.qiyueflooring.com

by "Rue Lusia" <lusiarue725@gmail.com> - 12:07 - 31 Mar 2025

20 years old fiber optic cable and patch factory

Dear info

Good days

This is YUXIN FIBER CABLE Company,we specialize in manufacturing all kinds of fiber optic cable and patch cord.Our company have 20 years expeerience in producing fiber optic cable and patch cord. Aerial fiber cable,duct fiber cable,diret-buried fiber cable,mining fiber cable,ftth drop cable,etc are our main and best selling types.For patch cord, sc,st,lc,fc,mpo,etc.

Would you like to know more about us?

pls check the following website:

our company website:www.nbyuxin.com

our Alibaba website: https://nbyuxinfiber.en.alibaba.com

Best reagrds

Shenhui

Ningbo Yuxin Optical Fiber Cable Co., Ltd.

by "sales08" <sales08@yuxinfibercable.com> - 09:52 - 30 Mar 2025

office chairs/Quality Manufacturers

Dear info

Thank you for opening my email.

My name is Allen from China.

We are a professional office chair manufacturer in China and would like to establish business relationship with your company. We have 15 years experience in manufacturing and exporting, we have good price and quality which can bring more profit for your company.

Attached is one of our office chairs that has been a best seller for many years, please check.

We accept OEM and ODM orders, if you are interested feel free to contact me.

Looking forward to your reply.

Best Regards.

Allen
Sales Manager
WeChat:A19157900359
WhatsAPP:+86 19157900359
HANGZHOU MINGCHEN FURNITURE CO.,LTD.
www.dhksy.com

by "Azemi Cruise" <cruiseazemi@gmail.com> - 08:26 - 30 Mar 2025

Exploring cooperation: Supply high-quality motorcycle spokes& rims from China

Dear info,

I'm Cindy from Hangzhou Zhenrong Import and Export Co., Ltd. Please allow me to introduce our company and our range of high-quality motorcycle spokes and accessories. With more than 40 years of industry experience, we have become a leading manufacturer focusing on technology development, design and OEM processing capabilities.

Our product range includes a variety of spokes such as 8G, 9G, 10G straight and forged spokes and 11G spokes, as well as a variety of spoke nipples to choose from. We also offer a variety of surface treatments for our products, including blue zinc plating, white zinc plating, nickel chromium plating and colored zinc plating. In addition, we also provide rims (WM1.2，1.4，1.6，1.85，2.15 ) and other related accessories to meet the diverse needs of motorcycle enthusiasts.

We pride ourselves on producing high-quality products that meet the industry's strict standards. Every year we export more than 50-60 containers of products to Southeast Asia, North America, South America and Europe to meet the needs of motorcycle parts companies in these regions.

We supply zinc and stainless steel spokes and nipples to a 125 year old British spoke factory.

We understand the importance of reliable and durable motorcycle components, and our products are designed to meet and exceed rider and manufacturer expectations. Whether it's a custom, aftermarket upgrade or OEM application, our range of spokes, nipples and rims are engineered to deliver exceptional performance and longevity.

We are keen to explore potential collaboration opportunities with motorcycle parts companies worldwidely and we believe our products can complement your existing product range and meet the needs of your discerning customers.

Thank you for considering our products and I look forward to the possibility of collaboration.

Thank you and best regards,

Cindy

WhatsApp:+86 13666697939

Hangzhou Zhenrong Import and Export Co., Ltd.

by "Cindy15" <Cindy15@hzzrspoke.com> - 08:11 - 30 Mar 2025

Microwave/Millimeter Wave Components DC-330GHz from Qualwave Inc.

Dear Sir/Madam,

Qualwave Inc. supplies broadband microwave/millimeter wave components with frequency range DC-330GHz. Our products have advantages in specifications and quality.

We can support you a competitive price and very fast lead time of 0~2 weeks & 2~4 weeks for most of our products.

Our main products (Coaxial & Waveguide):
1. Adapters: DC-110GHz, Coaxial Adapters & Waveguide to Coax Adapters
2. Amplifiers: 9KHz-260GHz, Power Amplifiers, Low Noise Amplifiers (modules & systems), BUCs, LNBs, DLVAs
3. Antennas: 0.64-330GHz, Standard Gain Horn Antennas, Conical Horn Antenna
4. Attenuators: DC-110GHz, 0.1W-5KW, Fixed Attenuators, Variable Attenuators, Digital Controlled Attenuators & Voltage Controlled Attenuators
5. Baluns: 500KHz-110GHz
6. Bias Tees: 50KHz-40GHz
7. Cable Assemblies: DC-110GHz, Ultra Low Loss & Phase Stable & High Power
8. Calibration Kits: DC-67GHz, Precision, 3-in-1, Ecomonic version available
9. Circulators/Isolators: 10MHz-110GHz, Coaxial, Drop-In, SMD, Waveguide types avaible
10. Connectors: DC-110GHz, PCB Connectors, Cable Coneectors & End Launch Connectors, Vertical Launch Connectors, Multi-Channel Connectors
11. Couplers: 4KHz-110GHz, Directinal Couplers, Dual Directional Couplers, 90°/180°Hybrid Couplers
12. DC Blocks: 9KHz-110GHz
13. Detectors: 0.01-110GHz
14. Equalizers: DC-40GHz
15. Filters/Diplexers: DC-67GHz, Low Pass Filters, High Pass Filters, Band Pass Filters, Band Reject Filters
16. Frequency Multipliers/Dividers: 0.01-110GHz
17. Frequency Sources: 0.01-40GHz, Synthesizers, PLDRO, DRO, PLVCO, VCO, PLXO, DRVCO, etc.
18. Impedance Matching Pads: 50-75 Ohms
19. Limiters: 0.03-40GHz
20. Mixers: 1MHz-110GHz
21. Phase Shifters: DC-40GHz, Manual Phase Shifters, Digital Controlled Phase Shifters & Voltage Controlled Phase Shifters
22. Probes: DC-110GHz
23. Power Dividers/Combiners: DC-110GHz, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 Ways
24. Rotary Joints: DC-50GHz
25. Surge Protectors: DC-6GHz
26. Switches: DC-110GHz, Coaxial Switches, PIN Diode Switches, Waveguide Switches, Surface Mount Switches, Manual Switches & Switch Matrix Systems
27. Terminations: DC-110GHz, 0.5W-2500W, Coaxial & Waveguide type
28. Other Waveguide Products: Flexible Waveguide, Pressure Windows, Waveguide Bends /Straight Sections /Transitions /Twists

Please refer to our official website to check information of our standard products. You can download our catalog from the URL bellow.
www.qualwave.com/products/files/Qualwave-Catalog.pdf

If you have any question, please feel free to contact us. I look forward to hear from you for future cooperation. Thank you!

Best Regards,
--
Devin He
Qualwave Inc.
5F, Bld.1, Tianke Plaza, No.999 Tiangong Ave.,
Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610213, China
Tel: +86-28-6115-4929
E-mail: sales@qualwave.com
Website: www.qualwave.com

by "Morciano Vitolano" <vitolanomorciano412@gmail.com> - 04:00 - 30 Mar 2025

An excellent natural fiber products factory from China

Dear info

I am coming from Jiangsu Himalaya Natural Fiber，we specialized in the production of sisal,jute,seagrass,polypropylene,wool and other natural fiber carpets.We also produce sisal cat scratching pads and cat scratching post for the pet products factory.

1.Our factory has been established for 20 years.Cooperated with the following customers:SAFAVIEH(USA),ALDI Supermarket,Nourison(USA)
2.Our own factory, we offer first-hand competitive prices.
3.Our factory is certified by authoritative organizations such as BSCI.
4.With extensive industry-related experience, we can develop and customize any product according to requirements.

Reply to get catalog and FOC samples.

Let me know if you need more help.

by "Gru Oneill" <oneillgru@gmail.com> - 07:52 - 29 Mar 2025

The week in charts

The Week in Charts

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ALL THE WEEK’S DATA THAT’S FIT TO VISUALIZE

The Week in Charts series offers data visualizations that help explain a changing world—as we strive toward sustainable and inclusive growth. In case you missed them, this week’s graphics explored the Global Lighthouse Network, telecom IT excellence, and US consumer spending habits.

FEATURED CHART

Lighthouse beacon expands

This week’s other select charts

IT maturity matters in telecom

Boomers budget, millennials splurge

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by "McKinsey Week in Charts" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 02:32 - 29 Mar 2025

Push Button Switch & touch switch/China

Dear info,

Good day!

We are switches manufacturer for thousand kinds household appliances since 2006.

We are able to produce your target swithes with high quality. Our switches have passed many approvals such as CE,CB,UL,CQC, ENEC,ROSH and so on.

Attached kindly pls find pictures some of our products FYI.

Any question pls feel free to contact me. Thank you.

Regards!
Suan

https://ymd-zy.en.alibaba.com

by "Tiffany Reece" <tiffanyreece640@gmail.com> - 02:20 - 29 Mar 2025

Enhanced value switch solutions

Dear info,

Hello!

We specialize in the production of micro switches, rocker switches, push button switches and keyboard switches, and are committed to providing customers with high-performance, customized switch solutions.

Our products are widely used in home appliances, automobiles, electronic equipment and other fields, with the following advantages:

High quality: using high-quality materials to ensure product durability and stability;

Flexible customization: support OEM/ODM services, design according to needs;

Competitive price: ensure high cost performance and help customers reduce procurement costs.

At present, our products have been exported to many countries and are deeply trusted by customers. I hope to take this opportunity to support your company and work with you to create a win-win situation!

If you are interested in learning more, please feel free to contact me, we can provide sample testing or product information for your reference.

Best regards&Thanks
David Wu
Yueqing Tongda Wire Electric Factory
ADD:No.8 Chuanger Road,Yuqing Bay Port Area, Wenzhou,Zhejiang,325609
Tel: 0086-577 57158583
Mobil: 0086-13780102300
Web: www.chinaweipeng.com
Mail: wdm@tdweipeng.com(If email Failed, pls send to weipeng@tdweipeng.com)
Made-In-China: tongdaswitch.en.made-in-china.com

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by "Almaistro Shamia" <shamiaalmaistro@gmail.com> - 01:50 - 29 Mar 2025

Accelerate Your Production with MINGDA’s High-Speed, Large Dual-Extruder 3D Printers

Hi info,

I hope you’re doing well.

I’m Chris, Channel Sales Manager at MINGDA 3D, a trusted 3D printer manufacturer with over 12 years of experience.

I’d like to introduce our high-speed, dual-extruder 3D printers: MD-600D (600x600x600mm) and MD-1000D (1000x1000x1000mm).

Key Features:

5X Faster Printing: Up to 300mm/s.
Dual Extruders: Multi-color and multi-material printing (PLA, ABS, TPU, PETG, Carbon Fiber, and more).
High-Temperature 350°C Extruders: For advanced composites.
Full-Size Printing: 100% build area.
Remote Monitoring: Camera & Wi-Fi control.
Easy Setup: Quick auto bed leveling & camera calibration.
Silent Printing: Closed-loop motors for smooth operation.

The MD-600D and MD-1000D are perfect for rapid prototyping and end-use parts, offering larger builds, faster speeds, and material flexibility.

Let me know if you’d like more details or have any questions.

by "Chris" <Chris@3dprintermingda.com> - 01:21 - 29 Mar 2025

EP156: Software Architect Knowledge Map

͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏ ͏

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EP156: Software Architect Knowledge Map

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What is Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)?

RAG is the process of optimizing an LLM's output to reference a specific knowledge base that may not have been part of its training data before generating a response.

In other words, RAG helps extend the powerful capabilities of LLMs to specific domains or knowledge bases without the need for additional training.

Here’s how RAG works:

1 - The user writes a query prompt in the LLM’s user interface. This query is passed to the backend server where it is converted to a vector representation.

2 - The query is sent to a search system.

3 - This search system can refer to various knowledge sources such as PDFs, Web Search, Code-bases, Documents, Database, or APIs to fetch relevant information to answer the query.

4 - The fetched information is sent back to the RAG model.

5 - The model augments the original user input by adding the fetched information to the context and sending it to the LLM endpoint. Various LLM options are Open AI’s GPT, Claude Sonnet, Google Gemini, and so on.

6 - The LLM generates an answer based on the enhanced context and provides a response to the user.

Over to you: Have you used RAG with your favorite LLM?

How Two-factor Authentication (2FA) Works?

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a type of multi-factor authentication that makes accounts more secure.

The idea behind 2FA is that you need to provide two identifying factors to prove your identity and gain access to your account.

The first factor is the knowledge factor, where a user needs to know a secret, such as a password. The second factor depends on the possession factor (such as RSA, authenticator app) or inherence factor (biometrics).

Here’s how 2FA works:

The user enters username and password. This is for the first level of authentication, also known as single-factor.
The authentication request goes to the authentication server.
The authentication credentials are verified.
In case of any incorrect credentials, a certain number of retries may be allowed.
If the credentials are correct, the two-factor authentication kicks in. There are multiple options available: biometric verification, OTP verification, or Authenticator App Verification. Organizations like Google and Microsoft also provide such apps.
The user verifies using the chosen option.
If the verification fails, access is denied. However, if verification succeeds, access is granted.

Note that the OTP verification using SMS is often considered less secure as a 2FA mechanism.

Over to you - Have you used two-factor authentication?

How Amazon S3 Works?

This post is based on:

AWS re:Invent 2023 - Dive deep on Amazon S3 video
Building and operating a pretty big storage system called S3 published on All Things Distributed.

Amazon S3 is one of the largest and most complex distributed storage systems in the world. It processes millions of requests per second and stores over 350 trillion objects while maintaining 99.999999999% durability.

AWS architected S3 using a microservices-based design

Here’s how it works:

Front-end Request Handling Services
These services receive API requests from clients. The clients can be web, CLI, and SDKs for programming languages like Java, Python, JS, or Golang. After receiving the request, the services authenticate users, validate requests, and route them to the correct storage service. The services consist of DNS routing, authentication service, and load balancing.
Indexing and Metadata Services
Every object stored in S3 is assigned a unique identifier and metadata. The indexing services track object locations. They consist of a global metadata store and partitioning engine.
Storage and Data Placement Services
This part handles the physical storage of objects across multiple S3 nodes. To protect against data loss, it uses erasure coding and multi-AZ replication.
Durability and Recovery Services
These services ensure data integrity and fault recovery. They consist of checksum verification, background auditing, and disaster recovery.
Security and Compliance Services
These services protect S3 from unauthorized access and support features such as IAM and bucket Policy, DDoS Mitigation, and Object Lockiand versioning.

Over to you: Have you used Amazon S3?

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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 10:36 - 29 Mar 2025

Top Ten Newsletter │ First Quarter 2025

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Software Architect Knowledge Map

What is Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)?

How Two-factor Authentication (2FA) Works?

How Amazon S3 Works?

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4. Dependency and depopulation? Confronting the consequences of a new demographic reality

5. Achieving growth: Putting leadership mindsets and behaviors into action

6. The CEO as elite athlete: What business leaders can learn from modern sports

7. Global Private Markets Report 2025: Private equity emerging from the fog

8. M&A Annual Report: Is the wave finally arriving?

9. How AI is transforming strategy development

10. A new operating model for people management: More personal, more tech, more human