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by "McKinsey Week in Charts" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 03:31 - 11 Jan 2025 -
EP145: Infrastructure as Code Landscape
EP145: Infrastructure as Code Landscape
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This week’s system design refresher:
Top 12 Tips for API Security
What happens when you type google .com into a browser?
A Cheatsheet on Infrastructure as Code Landscape
Why is Kafka fast?
A Crash Course on Architectural Scalability
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Error Handling
Input Validation
What happens when you type google .com into a browser?
First up, you type the website address in the browser’s address bar.
The browser checks its cache first. If there’s a cache miss, it must find the IP address.
DNS lookup begins (think of it as looking up a phone number). The request goes through different DNS servers (root, TLD, and authoritative). Finally, the IP address is retrieved.
Next, your browser initiates a TCP connection like a handshake. For example, in the case of HTTP 1.1, the client and server perform a TCP three-way handshake with SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK messages.
Once the handshake is successful, the browser makes an HTTP request to the server and the server responds with HTML, CSS, and JS files.
Finally, the browser processes everything. It parses the HTML document and creates DOM and CSSOM trees.
The browser executes the JavaScript and renders the page through various steps (tokenizer, parser, render tree, layout, and painting).
Finally, the webpage appears on your screen.
Over to you: Which other step will you add to the overall process?
A Cheatsheet on Infrastructure as Code Landscape
Scalable infrastructure provisioning provides several benefits related to availability, scalability, repeatability, and cost-effectiveness.
But how do you achieve this?
Provisioning infrastructure using code is the key to scalable infra management.
There are multiple strategies that can help:Containerization is one of the first strategies to make application deployments based on code. Docker is one of the most popular ways to containerize the application.
Next, container orchestration becomes a necessity when dealing with multiple containers in an application. This is where container orchestration tools like Kubernetes become important.
IaC treats infrastructure provisioning and configuration as code, allowing developers to define the application infrastructure in files that can be versioned, tested, and reused. Popular tools such as Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, and Ansible can be used. Ansible is more of a configuration tool.
GitOps leverages a Git workflow combined with CI/CD to automate infrastructure and configuration updates.
Over to you: Have you used Infrastructure as Code for your projects?
Why is Kafka fast?
There are many design decisions that contributed to Kafka’s performance. In this post, we’ll focus on two. We think these two carried the most weight.
The first one is Kafka’s reliance on Sequential I/O.
The second design choice that gives Kafka its performance advantage is its focus on efficiency: zero copy principle.
The diagram below illustrates how the data is transmitted between producer and consumer, and what zero-copy means.
Step 1.1 - 1.3: Producer writes data to the disk
Step 2: Consumer reads data without zero-copy
2.1: The data is loaded from disk to OS cache
2.2 The data is copied from OS cache to Kafka application
2.3 Kafka application copies the data into the socket buffer
2.4 The data is copied from socket buffer to network card
2.5 The network card sends data out to the consumerStep 3: Consumer reads data with zero-copy
3.1: The data is loaded from disk to OS cache
3.2 OS cache directly copies the data to the network card via sendfile() command
3.3 The network card sends data out to the consumer
Zero copy is a shortcut to save multiple data copies between the application context and kernel context.
A Crash Course on Architectural Scalability
Scalability is the ability of a system to handle an increased workload without losing performance.
However, we can also look at scalability in terms of the scaling strategy.
Scalability is the system’s ability to handle an increased workload by repeatedly applying a cost-effective strategy. This means it can be difficult to scale a system beyond a certain point if the scaling strategy is not financially viable.
Three main bottlenecks to scalability are:Centralized components: This can become a single point of failure
High Latency Components: These are components that perform time-consuming operations.
Tight Coupling: Makes the components difficult to scale
Therefore, to build a scalable system, we should follow the principles of statelessness, loose coupling, and asynchronous processing.
Some common techniques for improving scalability are as follows:Load Balancing: Spread requests across multiple servers to prevent a single server from becoming a bottleneck.
Caching: Store the most commonly request information in memory.
Event-Driven Processing: Use an async processing approach to process long-running tasks.
Sharding: Split a large dataset into smaller subsets called shards for horizontal scalability.
Over to you: How do you improve a system’s scalability?
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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:35 - 11 Jan 2025 -
Desarrollar una fuerza de trabajo resiliente y adaptable
by "Destacados de McKinsey" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 08:13 - 11 Jan 2025 -
NEW FHL speaker just announced (+ FREE bonus)
I really hope you didn’t miss my live interview today with our newly-announced, PHENOMENAL Funnel Hacking Live 10 speaker, Armand Morin!!
WATCH THE INTERVIEW REPLAY W/ ARMAND MORIN HERE →
You may not immediately recognize his name, but I guarantee this man has influenced the way you do business FAR more than you realize!!
Almost 30 years ago he started out with $1.83 to his name and zero experience…
Today Armand’s internet marketing business has grown into an international, MULTI-MILLION DOLLAR empire.
This is the genius that not only taught me how to drastically increase my sales using the game-changing “stack and close” technique…
He IS THE ORIGINATOR of the “stack and close”!!
As my original mentor, Armand has helped me and literally thousands of other entrepreneurs take their businesses from humble beginnings to wild successes… after simply incorporating his incredibly easy-to-understand methods!
And now, when you secure your FHL tickets ASAP, you’ll not only get to learn from one of the OG pioneers of internet marketing, you also get access to his extremely valuable bonus (which you can find out here in the interview)
I’ll let you find out directly from Armand what his bonus is in the replay, but I’ll just say that I am SHOCKED he’s willing to give this kind of information away FOR FREE.
With this added knowledge in your toolkit, the effectiveness of your stack and close will be absolutely MULTIPLIED.
REMEMBER: When you secure your FHL 10 ticket ASAP you get access to ALL of the following speaker bonuses –-
Ashley Kirkwood’s Bonus! The “cheat sheet” that will not only help INCREASE your engagement and sales… but can change your entire business model into the one you’ve always wanted!! (Watch Ashley’s bonus reveal HERE→)
- Eileen Wilder’s Bonus! Hours of coaching content teaching you her framework of persuasion and influence you can use absolutely ANYWHERE to maximize influence and quickly increase sales!! (Watch Eileen’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Tim Shields’ Bonus! THE essential webinar-building companion that will help you create your expert level, game-changing webinar faster than you ever thought possible! (Watch Tim’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Trent Shelton’s Bonus! Become a more confident and successful speaker and overall expert communicator with Trent’s extremely beneficial training that will help you improve in ALL areas of selling! (Watch Trent’s bonus reveal HERE→)
- Armand Morin’s Bonus! Discover the exact formula Armand uses to compound the effectiveness of the “stack and close” system! (Watch Armand’s bonus reveal HERE→)
- The FREE bonuses of ALL the remaining FHL 10 speakers I have yet to reveal!!
I’ll be going live again NEXT WEEK to reveal another FHL 10 speaker as well as their FREE bonus…
This speaker is an absolute POWERHOUSE. If you’ve ever struggled in your journey of becoming the parent, entrepreneur, spouse, partner or LEADER you know you were meant to be… then this person will help you rise up and become that person. Period.
Keep your eyes peeled on Monday for an email with the link to watch the LIVE reveal!!
See you there!
Russell Brunson
P.S. Don’t forget, you’re just one funnel away…
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 10:41 - 10 Jan 2025 -
Ashley Kirkwood’s Bonus! The “cheat sheet” that will not only help INCREASE your engagement and sales… but can change your entire business model into the one you’ve always wanted!! (Watch Ashley’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Cost-Effective Solutions for Plastic, Die-Casting, and Metal Parts
Hello,
Our company is specialized in designing and manufacturing plastic parts, die-casting parts, metal stamping parts, and metal parts for over 18 years.
Our strengths：
1) Complete industrial support facilities, located in a renowned manufacturing base in China.
2) Over 18 years of experience in engineering, design, and manufacturing custom parts.
3) Competitive prices backed by a strong material supply chain and efficient management.
If you have any new projects, you could consider if we would be a good fit.
Best Regards
Tina
Gain Power Industries LimitedWork Mobile / WA: +86 133 3265 4817
Website:www.majortooling.com
HengCheng Road No6, XinAn Community,ChangAn town
DongGuan, GuangDong,China 523882
by "Favyola Dzip" <favyoladzip968@gmail.com> - 04:37 - 10 Jan 2025 -
Cost-Effective Solutions for Plastic, Die-Casting, and Metal Parts
Hello,
Our company is specialized in designing and manufacturing plastic parts, die-casting parts, metal stamping parts, and metal parts for over 18 years.
Our strengths：
1) Complete industrial support facilities, located in a renowned manufacturing base in China.
2) Over 18 years of experience in engineering, design, and manufacturing custom parts.
3) Competitive prices backed by a strong material supply chain and efficient management.
If you have any new projects, you could consider if we would be a good fit.
Best Regards
Tina
Gain Power Industries LimitedWork Mobile / WA: +86 133 3265 4817
Website:www.majortooling.com
HengCheng Road No6, XinAn Community,ChangAn town
DongGuan, GuangDong,China 523882
by "Meshach Bodey" <meshachbodey@gmail.com> - 03:50 - 10 Jan 2025 -
[FHL] O.G. of Internet Marketing (NEW interview)
It’s Friday and I have a special treat for you today, oh man…
But first, if you didn’t catch the interview I did with retired NFL player turned entrepreneur Trent Shelton (and secured his FREE bonus!!)… then go here now WATCH the short interview →
So many ‘a-ha’ moments packed in a dense, short interview – ah… it’s always so amazing to get the chance to chat with Trent. So excited to have him back at the FINAL FHL in Vegas!!
Now… onto today’s interview!
Here’s why I love the next FHL speaker I’m going to interview today…
He’s been “in-the-trenches” when it comes to the Internet Marketing world for over 20+ years…
He’s seen it all. He’s done it all.
…AND he still has one of the best, all-time “stack and close” systems that absolutely CRUSHES it to this day, and continues to crush for any niche or industry.
Plus! Because he’s been in the game and doing it for so long… he’s mastered what “works” and then has gone on to help his clients and students achieve their online business goals.
And to think it all started with only $1.83 in his pocket…
His name is Armand Morin and I’m so excited to be interviewing him TODAY @ 2:00 PM ET!!
WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW W/ ARMAND MORIN @ 2:00 PM ET →
(Hint: This is YOUR sign if you are someone who wants the blueprint to building YOUR OWN online empire, EVEN on a shoe-string budget…)
You DO NOT want to miss this…
Not to mention, Armand just told me the FREE bonus he’ll be giving away when you purchase a ticket to FHL…
“Generous” would be a critical understatement when it comes to this FREE marketing bonus Armand is giving away. That’s all I’m going to say…
WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW W/ ARMAND MORIN @ 2:00 PM ET →
See you there!
© Etison LLC
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 12:27 - 10 Jan 2025 -
Davos divination: What to expect at this year’s meeting
The Shortlist
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Curated by Alex Panas, global leader of industries, & Axel Karlsson, global leader of functional practices and growth platforms
Welcome to the latest edition of the CEO Shortlist, a biweekly newsletter of our best ideas for the C-suite. This week, we feature some of the ideas we’re bringing to the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos later this month. Every year, we collaborate with WEF to investigate the year’s most critical issues, and our in-house institutes—covering global business trends, health and wellness, and Black economic development—examine many more. We appreciate the opportunity to connect and hope you find our perspectives novel and insightful. Let us know if you want to meet up at Davos the week after next. You can reach us at Alex_Panas@mckinsey.com and Axel_Karlsson@mckinsey.com. Thank you, as ever.
—Alex and Axel
Global cooperation has flatlined. Our second annual Global Cooperation Barometer finds that, on average, global cooperation has held steady. Precipitous declines in some areas, such as peace and security, have been balanced out by modest increases in foreign direct investment and flows of data and intellectual property.
Economic empowerment made practical. In an update to the McKinsey Global Institute’s pioneering research on economic empowerment, we detail more than 60 ways that businesses can support their workforces, customers, suppliers, and broader communities to build richer, more rewarding lives.
We hope you find these ideas inspiring and helpful. See you in a couple of weeks with more McKinsey ideas for the CEO and others in the C-suite.Share these insights
This email contains information about McKinsey’s research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
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by "McKinsey CEO Shortlist" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 04:15 - 10 Jan 2025 -
Technology priorities for 2025, gen AI for beauty brands, how companies can benefit more people, and more highlights for your downtime
Share this email
Brought to you by Alex Panas, global leader of industries, & Axel Karlsson, global leader of functional practices and growth platforms
Welcome to the latest edition of The Weekend Read. We hope you find our perspectives useful. Let us know what you think at Alex_Panas@McKinsey.com and Axel_Karlsson@McKinsey.com.
—Alex and Axel
Ready to unwind?
—Edited by Joyce Yoo, editor, New York
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by "McKinsey Weekend Read" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 12:39 - 10 Jan 2025 -
Understanding Message Queues
Understanding Message Queues
Forwarded this email? Subscribe here for moreLatest articles
If you’re not a subscriber, here’s what you missed this month.
Kubernetes Made Easy: A Beginner’s Roadmap to Container Orchestration
The Sidecar Pattern Explained: Decoupling Operational Features
Database Performance Demystified: Essential Tips and Strategies
Mastering Modern Authentication: Cookies, Sessions, JWT, and PASETO
Stateless Architecture: The Key to Building Scalable and Resilient Systems
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Asynchronous communication has become an important strategy for modern software systems, particularly in distributed and large-scale applications.
Unlike synchronous communication, where a sender waits for a response before proceeding, asynchronous communication allows processes to continue without waiting. This has a significant impact on the system's performance, scalability, and resilience.
Some real-world scenarios where async communication shines are as follows:
An online store where an order placement triggers real-time calls to inventory, payment, and shipping services. If any of these services experience latency or downtime, the order process stalls, leading to poor user experience and lost revenue. Using a message queue, the order service can immediately enqueue messages for inventory, payment, and shipping.
IoT systems like smart home devices often involve thousands of sensors sending data to central servers. A synchronous approach can overwhelm the server during peak activity, leading to data loss or delayed responses. Message queues allow sensors to send data without waiting for processing.
In a microservices architecture, tightly coupled services communicating synchronously can create cascading failures. With message queues, services communicate indirectly, reducing dependency and allowing independent scaling.
These are just a few examples. There are several potential scenarios where async communication is important. But what makes async communication possible?
This is where message queues come into the picture.
Message queues act as intermediaries, enabling asynchronous between producers (senders) and consumers (receivers). In this article, we’ll look at understanding how message queues work, the various terminologies involved, and the patterns that can be implemented using them.
What is a Message Queue?...
Continue reading this post for free in the Substack app
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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:36 - 9 Jan 2025 -
[FHL] Retired NFL player interview! (plus FREE bonus!)
Say it with me:
33 days…
That’s right — we are just 33 days away from the (last and greatest) marketing rock concert of the century!
Now, real quick – if you haven’t secured your FHL ticket and nabbed yesterday’s FREE bonus with Tim Shields… then go here now WATCH the short interview →
(You’ll also be able to grab her FREE bonus worth at least $997 in real marketing value… which is all yours to help you have a thriving online business in 2025, even if you think your “idea” wouldn’t work!)
Now… onto today’s interview!
Question: How do you calculate your worth?
Is it based on what “physical things” you own like cars and jewlrey…?
Is it based on the number of sales you bring in (e.g., “hustling” 24/7)...??
Or…
What if I told you it has ZERO to do with any of those things – nothing about your productivity and nothing about those commas in your bank account…?
In today’s interview, I’m thrilled to bring on the one and only… Trent Shelton!
WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW W/ TRENT SHELTON @ 2:00 PM ET →
Retired NFL player turned entrepreneur Trent Shelton has been helping THOUSANDS of entrepreneurs around the world tap into their “real worth value” deep within themselves, and how to use this gift to create an AVALANCHE of success in all areas of life!
If you struggle with perfectionism…
If you’re tired of feeling like you’re not reaching your full potential in work, life, or relationships…
And if you know, deep down, you were made for something MORE in this world…
Then you HAVE to join me TODAY @ 2:00pm ET as I sit down and interview the ONE AND ONLY… Trent Shelton!
WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW W/ TRENT SHELTON @ 2:00 PM ET→
I don’t know a better person that can help get yourself out of a funk and start seeing success like you wouldn’t believe, then my man, Mr. Trent Shelton.
Anyway, I’ve rattled on long enough…
Just do whatever it takes to join me today @ 2:00pm ET with Trent Shelton!
And remember to keep your eyes peeled for tomorrow’s email with another speaker interview!!
(Hint: tomorrow’s interview is with one of the ORIGINAL Internet Marketers who has one of the most masterful “stack & close” offers that’s practically bullet proof, and nearly impossible for anyone to say “no” to…)
See you today @ 2:00 PM ET here →
See you there!Russell Brunson
P.S. Don’t forget, you’re just one funnel away…
© Etison LLC
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If you purchase anything through a link in this email, you should assume that we have an affiliate relationship with the company providing the product or service that you purchase, and that we will be paid in some way. We recommend that you do your own independent research before purchasing anything.
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 10:54 - 9 Jan 2025 -
Think Deserts Are Hot? Discover the Icy Truth About Antarctica
Think Deserts Are Hot? Discover the Icy Truth About Antarctica
Hi, I’m Jérôme Urbain, head of Products, wishing you a Happy New Year. I’ll be here to share more location data knowledge this 2025 and look forward to achieving great results together. Let’s dive into this month's updates!
Solve the 4 most common address data challenges
Monthly changes
❄️ The largest desert in the world: Antarctica ❄️
The largest desert in the world: Antartica
Did you know that Antarctica is the world's largest desert?
Despite its icy landscape, it receives less than 2 inches of precipitation annually, classifying it as a desert.
This frozen field holds about 70% of Earth's freshwater, locked away in its massive ice sheets.
Intriguingly, Antarctica is also home to the McMurdo Dry Valleys, one of the driest places on Earth, where some areas haven't seen rain for nearly 2 million years.
So, next time you think of deserts, remember: they aren't all hot and sandy—some are cold and icy, too!
Follow us on LinkedIn for more geographical facts like this!
GUIDE
Solve the 4 most common address data challenges
The start of the year is a good moment to make sure your location data is accurate. Integrate our the latest data and get some tips for improving your address data processing.
Address structures vary across borders
Navigating global postal systems can be tricky. While most use zip codes, some countries work with other references, such as cities. Here's a compilation of countries with alternative postal systems.
Managing non-latin alphabets
Tackling global addresses means accommodating multiple alphabets. Learn how transliteration bridges the gap for a unified database.
Constant zip code changes
ZIP codes evolve frequently, impacting your address accuracy. Understand how to adapt and explore international ZIP code formats with this guide.
Simplify address data maintenance
Manually managing global address data is time-intensive. Explore best practices and cleansing methods to save time and costs.
Our team is committed to help you overcome any location data issue you'd face in 2025.
MONTHLY CHANGES
In December, we updated 183,142 rows in our postal database.
Full Postal & Street updates
Hungary, Poland
Postal database patches
(small changes)
Belgium (Municipality merge), Cyprus (Business), France (Alternative names for big cities' arrondissements), Guam (Alternative names), Ukraine (Regions codes), United Kingdom (Postcodes)
Postal boundaries updates
Hungary, New Zealand
Postal boundaries patches (small changes)
Austria, Canada, Croatia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Israel, Jordan, Mexico, Palestine, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Thailand, Ukraine, United States
Administrative boundaries patches (small changes)
Falkland Islands, Finland, Spain
For a detailed changelog, take a look at the CSV file.
Kind regards,
Jérôme & the GeoPostcodes team
PS: Interested in previous Monthly Product Updates? Read here.
GeoPostcodes, Bld Bischoffsheim 15, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
by "Jérôme from GeoPostcodes" <jerome@geopostcodes.com> - 06:43 - 9 Jan 2025 -
New Relic Now 2025: Hear about our most transformative platform update yet
New Relic
December 2024
New Relic Now 2025 27 February (9am GMT / 10am CET)
This free virtual event will showcase 12+ new features to:- Elevate digital experiences: Discover predictive remediation that ensures seamless interactions with customers.
- Automate with AI: See how agentic AI handles both common and uncommon tasks, and empowers developers.
- Limit costs: Identify and avoid unnecessary cloud and operational costs.
Save your seat now 
Automatic instrumentation and AI-powered insights with one-step AWS Start quickly with automatic instrumentation, seamless multi-account onboarding, agentless EC2 monitoring, and a unified UI for your entire AWS environment. Troubleshoot faster with pre-built dashboards that automatically correlate applications and AWS infrastructure, without the need for tagging.Learn more 
Does Your DEM Strategy Connect All the Dots?Discover the value of comprehensive digital experience monitoring (DEM) in our ebook. Learn how to optimize digital experiences, prevent disruptions, and elevate user satisfaction. Explore solutions that integrate critical data and leverage AI to ensure seamless, always-on digital interactions.
Learn MoreOptimize application performance with effective tracing and loggingLearn how tracing and logging techniques can optimize application performance, enhance user satisfaction, and ensure business success.
Read the blog
Banco Inter sees into digital customer experienceRead the case study to discover how Banco Inter leverages New Relic to achieve 57% faster MTTR and deliver a seamless digital banking experience to over 5 million customers.
New Relic Now February 2025Exciting news! We’re unveiling New Relic’s most transformative platform update yet—and you’re invited. This free, virtual event on 27 February (9am GMT / 10am CET) will showcase our biggest, most exciting group of innovation announcements ever, including a sneak peek at our 12+ new features, including agentic AI.Save your spot here.New Relic University online workshopsCatch our recent New Relic workshops on-demand. These trainer-led workshops with hands-on labs will help you up-level your observability skills.
Watch now
Amazon CloudWatch Network MonitorAmazon CloudWatch Network Monitor offers real-time visibility into hybrid network performance between AWS and on-premises systems. Connect it to New Relic for enhanced insights, proactive issue detection, and advanced analytics to ensure optimal network health.
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Manage dashboards via APIUse our NerdGraph to create and manage your dashboards. Create, update, even undelete dashboards with ease. You can even add or update widgets! Find a list of mutations and queries here.
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by "New Relic" <emeamarketing@newrelic.com> - 05:07 - 9 Jan 2025 -
Mastercard achieves zero downtime with Postgres
Hi Md Abul,I am Ganesh Kale from the EDB Postgres SEA team. Given the massive scale changes in payment and digital banking, any moment of database downtime can have far-reaching consequences for your business.Luckily, EDB Postgres offers proven capabilities to keep your database up and running, all while offering a significantly lower TCO than Oracle. If you are facing similar database downtimes and high-cost for your UPI technology stack, payment gateway, digital banking or credit card stack, reach out to us.Our customer Mastercard was able to achieve 99.999% uptime by leveraging logical replication over binary streaming replication. Please visit the following blog post to learn more. Why Mastercard's Secret to Zero Downtime is PostgreSQL
Alternatively, let me know if you want to schedule a workshop with your team. We have a few open slots this week on Monday and Wednesday. looking forward to hearing from you.
Best,
by "Ganesh Kale" <ganesh.kale@enterprisedb.com> - 04:04 - 9 Jan 2025 -
A lifelong quest: The journey of leadership never ends
Re:think
FRESH TAKES ON BIG IDEAS
ON LEADERSHIP
Getting to the top is not the end of the journeyDana Maor
After spending the past several years talking with CEOs about the evolution of their careers, I’ve been struck by how their personal growth as leaders does not end once they get the top job. In fact, it’s the beginning of a new learning chapter in their lifelong journey of leadership.
This became clear to me while working with my McKinsey colleagues Hans-Werner Kass, Kurt Strovink, and Ramesh Srinivasan to tell the stories of successful CEOs in our new book, The Journey of Leadership: How CEOs Learn to Lead from the Inside Out (Portfolio, September 2024). Most CEOs still have a lot to learn about who they need to be to lead once they assume these demanding roles.
Through our work with hundreds of CEOs and senior leaders, we have seen how important it is for them to develop human-centered leadership qualities—including self-awareness, compassion, vulnerability, and other soft skills—to balance their hard business skills and connect authentically with themselves and their teams. By going through a journey of personal reflection and growth, leaders become better at guiding others and steering their organizations to success.
This journey reflects the stages of adult development identified by Harvard psychologist Robert Kegan. These include the “socialized mind” (focusing on the expectations and approval of others), the “self-authoring mind” (relying on an individual’s identity, beliefs, and values), and the “self-transforming mind” (adapting to changing circumstances, considering contradictory ideas, and handling conflicts).
One might expect that seasoned, high-achieving leaders are mostly in their self-authoring or self-transforming phases. After all, they are highly skilled individuals who have spent years climbing corporate ladders, building relationships, and, in many cases, serving in a wide range of roles en route to becoming CEOs. Surely, they gained considerable leadership insights and strengths along the way.
But I’ve been surprised to discover that many CEOs are still very much in their socialized-mind stage, despite their experience and accomplishments. Their leadership is affected by their concerns about what others think of them. They are still focused on proving themselves. Unfortunately, many leaders try to mask this trait with bluster and overconfidence, projecting an image of strength. As our research shows, many organizations favor confidence over competency when choosing leaders, which leads to a lot of bad bosses being put in charge.“By going through a journey of personal reflection and growth, leaders become better at guiding others and steering their organizations to success.”
This is why it’s so critical for leaders in general, specifically CEOs, to seize the opportunity to step into this role and embrace the process of self-discovery so they can cultivate attributes such as empathy, integrity, and humility that will make them better leaders. More important, they need to understand how to navigate what can at times be competing qualities, such as humility and confidence, and apply the right mix at the right time.
In our book, we hope to inspire CEOs and aspiring leaders by sharing the stories of others who have cracked this code. They have learned how to be true to themselves and what they’re trying to achieve for their organizations, be considerate of others, and not get stuck on how others perceive them. More CEOs than I expected go through a conscious journey to get to who they want to be as leaders rather than getting there intuitively.
The challenges for leaders are daunting. They must constantly seek to improve themselves and leave their organizations stronger than when they joined. They must be honest with themselves about their own strengths, weaknesses, and passions. In our book, for example, we share the story of one executive who felt intellectually stifled after two decades of senior-leadership roles in the banking industry and reinvented herself as a Silicon Valley venture capitalist and a university lecturer and researcher. She knew herself well enough to know that she needed to tackle new challenges to be at her best. Her story exemplifies the fact that the leadership path is not always a straight line. This is particularly true in an age where constant change is accelerating and technology is redefining how we work.
The journey can never start too early. Even at the beginning stages of a career, people should think seriously about how to show up fully and authentically, how to be resilient, how to navigate competing demands, how to motivate and inspire their colleagues, what gives them energy, and what makes them happy. Gaining greater self-awareness early on will help them become better prepared for advancement, move into leadership positions more quickly, and ultimately have more success in their roles. Taking the time to do this is not indulgent; it serves the people and organizations they lead.
Every leader’s story is different, but this much is true for all: getting to the top is not the culmination of the journey. One can always develop further. The most successful leaders never stop learning about themselves, how to innovate, and how to challenge themselves, their teams, and their organizations.Share Dana Maor’s insights
ABOUT THIS AUTHOR
Dana Maor is a senior partner in McKinsey’s UK, Ireland, and Israel offices.
MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR
UP NEXT
Kurt Strovink on crucial questions for CEOs
CEOs tend to focus on work plans and initiatives but may skip over deep thinking about identity and purpose. To motivate and inspire, CEOs need to be able to answer two questions: “Who are we?” and “Why are we here?”
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by "McKinsey Quarterly" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 02:46 - 8 Jan 2025 -
ClickFunnels trial: Why we need your CC details…
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by "ClickFunnels" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 02:26 - 8 Jan 2025
