Kubernetes: When and How to Apply It

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Kubernetes: When and How to Apply It

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Nov 2

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Welcome back! In the first part of our Kubernetes deep dive, we covered the fundamentals - Kubernetes' architecture, key components like pods and controllers, and core capabilities like networking and storage.

Now, we'll dive into the practical side of Kubernetes. You'll learn when and how to apply Kubernetes based on your application needs and team skills. We'll explore advanced features, benefits and drawbacks, use cases where Kubernetes excels, and situations where it may be overkill.

By the end, you'll have a starting roadmap to putting Kubernetes into practice safely and successfully. Let's get started!

Kubernetes' Declarative Architecture

One of Kubernetes' key strengths is its declarative architecture. With declarative APIs, you specify the desired state of your application and Kubernetes handles reconciling the actual state to match it.

The Declarative Model

For example, to deploy an application, you would create a Deployment resource (discussed in the last issue) that declares details like:

The Deployment resource declares the desired state:

Use the nginx 1.16 image
Run 3 replicas
Match pods by app=my-app label

Kubernetes then handles all the underlying details of actually deploying and scaling your app based on your declared spec.

This is different from an imperative approach that would require step-by-step commands to deploy and update.

Custom Resource Definition

A key benefit of this architecture is extensibility. Kubernetes is designed to watch for new resource types and seamlessly handle them via declarative APIs. No modifications to Kubernetes itself are needed. Developers can create Custom Resource Definitions for new resource types that work just like built-ins.

Here is a simple example of Custom Resource Definition:

This defines a new App resource under mycompany.com/v1. It could be used like:

The declarative model enables powerful automation capabilities. Controllers can monitor resource specs and automatically adjust them as needed. For example, the HorizontalPodAutoscaler tracks metrics like CPU usage and scales Deployments up or down in response. The Cluster Autoscaler modulates node counts based on pod resource demands.

While Kubernetes does support imperative commands like kubectl run, these are less extensible and do not integrate with Kubernetes' automation capabilities as seamlessly. Using declarative APIs provides significant advantages in terms of extensibility, portability and self-service automation.

Advanced Built-in Resources

Kubernetes provides many built-in resources that leverage its declarative architecture to make managing applications easier. Some examples:

Ingress resources allow declarative configuration of external access to Kubernetes services. This leverages extensibility by introducing a custom resource to abstract the implementation details of exposing services. Different Ingress controllers can be implemented for various environments like Nginx, ALB, Traefik etc. This separation of concerns enables portability.

ConfigMaps provide a native Kubernetes way to inject configuration data into pods. ConfigMaps hold key-value data that can be mounted or set as environment variables. This allows separation of configuration from code/images. Pods directly consume ConfigMaps. This integrates configuration natively via Kubernetes' extensible API.

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) introduces custom resources like Roles, RoleBindings and ClusterRoles. These combine to form access policies which enable granular permissions. RBAC deeply integrates declarative authorization into the Kubernetes API via admission control and enforcement.

Third-party Add-ons

In addition, a vibrant ecosystem of add-ons use Kubernetes APIs to extend functionality. Here are a few popular examples:

Helm introduces charts, which package YAML templates to declaratively manage complex, configurable applications. Charts can be hosted in repositories like package managers for easy sharing and installation. Helm effectively extends Kubernetes as an application platform.

Prometheus integrates via custom resources like ServiceMonitors for dynamic target discovery and autoscaling based on custom metrics. The Prometheus Operator and controllers leverage the extensible API to simplify monitoring, alerts and autoscaling.

Istio injects proxies for traffic control, observability and security using extensibility mechanisms like custom resources, controllers and admission webhooks. This layers on advanced features without changing code.

Argo CD utilizes custom resources, controllers, CRDs, webhooks and operators to enable GitOps workflows on Kubernetes. It models CD concepts through declarative APIs and reconciles state through automation.

Kubernetes lets you fully customize your system configuration. Everything is set up through Kubernetes resources and add-ons that you define. So you can shape the platform to your specific needs, rather than being constrained by predefined options.

Kubernetes gives you common building blocks that you can combine in creative ways to meet your use cases. This open, programmable design means you can develop novel applications that even the original developers didn't think of.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Kubernetes

Kubernetes has become hugely popular due to the many benefits it offers, but like any technology, it also comes with some downsides that need careful evaluation. Below we dive into the key pros and cons of Kubernetes

The Main Benefits

Infrastructure Efficiency

One benefit of Kubernetes is how well it lets you manage resources on a large scale. By automatically scheduling containers across nodes, and features like auto-scaling and self-healing, Kubernetes makes sure resources are used optimally. It adjusts smoothly based on demand, starting up or shutting down resources as needed. This not only saves money from better resource use, but also guarantees applications have the right resources to run smoothly.

Enhanced Developer Productivity

By handling many infrastructure tasks like scaling and deployments automatically, Kubernetes frees developers from having to spend as much time on those tasks. This lets developers focus their time and energy on writing application code rather than worry about infrastructure details. This boosts developer productivity once Kubernetes is set up.

Easy Scalability

A key advantage of Kubernetes is how easily it allows applications to scale up and down based on real-time demand. This makes sure resources are used efficiently while performing well during traffic spikes. The auto-scaling is especially useful for applications with changing workloads.

Application Portability

Kubernetes provides a consistent deployment experience whether you run applications on-premises, in the public cloud, or hybrid. This makes it easy to move applications between environments and reduces dependency on any single cloud provider.

Consistent Environments

Kubernetes provides the same standardized environment for your code in development, testing and production. This reduces bugs from inconsistencies between environments. Developers and QA engineers get a reliable testing environment that closely matches production.

Resilience

Kubernetes provides capabilities that allow developers to build highly resilient applications, such as automatic scaling, rolling updates, and redundancy across regions. However, these resilience capabilities need to be purposefully implemented using Kubernetes' flexible architecture.

Large Ecosystem

The active open source community around Kubernetes has created many tools, plugins, extensions and resources that make it customizable for diverse uses. Help and support are readily available.

Vendor Neutral

With support for diverse infrastructure both on-premises and across public clouds, Kubernetes prevents locking into a single vendor. You have flexibility to choose suitable infrastructure for your needs.

The Main Drawbacks

Complexity

The biggest downside of Kubernetes is its complexity.

The extensive capabilities of Kubernetes also make it complex, especially for production-grade deployments with many moving parts working in concert. It demands significant expertise to set up and manage properly.

Ongoing management and troubleshooting also requires specialized engineering skills. Misconfigurations can easily take down applications deployed on Kubernetes.

For smaller teams without deep DevOps skills, this complexity can outweigh the benefits. The learning curve is steep, especially for those new to large-scale distributed systems.

Resource Overheads

Running Kubernetes comes with overhead resource costs. A Kubernetes control plane requires a certain baseline level of resources.

For smaller applications or organizations just starting out, these overhead costs may not justify the benefits. The resources required to run Kubernetes would be excessive.

The human resources required to properly operate Kubernetes also imposes overhead costs. At high scale, dedicated teams are needed to manage Kubernetes infrastructure full-time.

For many smaller teams, these operational costs are difficult to justify. The break-even point at which Kubernetes efficiency pays off is higher.

Security Concerns

Securing a Kubernetes environment is challenging given the platform's many configurable parts. It requires solid expertise and constant vigilance to lock down properly.

Resource Underutilization

While Kubernetes aims to optimize resource usage, improper configuration can also lead to overprovisioning and waste. Right-sizing cluster resources based on actual utilization is critical.

Upgrade Headaches

Keeping Kubernetes clusters up-to-date requires careful planning and execution to minimize application downtime and maintain compatibility during upgrades.

Limited Support for Stateful Apps

While optimized for stateless workloads, Kubernetes does provide capabilities to support stateful applications through features like StatefulSets, persistent volumes, and affinity/anti-affinity. While support for stateful apps like databases is improving, running them on Kubernetes still involves additional complexity.

Our Take

Kubernetes offers immense benefits but also comes with drawbacks. It excels for large-scale, distributed applications that require portability across environments, high availability, and operational efficiency. But it also introduces complexity and resource overheads.

As with all engineering decisions, tradeoffs must be evaluated based on application needs and team constraints. Both the technical pros and cons along with business considerations like costs and capabilities drive the appropriate decision.

Use Cases for Kubernetes

Kubernetes shines for large-scale, complex applications. But is it a good fit for every workload? Let's examine key use cases where Kubernetes excels and also where it may be overkill.

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New Relic named an APM Leader by GigaOm

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Who are ‘zero consumers’ and what do they want?

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TODAY’S NEWS. TOMORROW’S INSIGHTS.
A daily newsletter from McKinsey & Company

Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities

Rise of the ‘zero consumer’

In the news

•

Cost-conscious customers. Low-cost e-commerce platforms are positioned to win big as China’s Singles’ Day and the end-of-year shopping season approach. With discount online stores gobbling up market share, the CEO of a major Chinese e-commerce company reported in August a “value-for-money battle” that “will be an area of major investment” for the company. Online shopping platforms are spending billions of dollars to compete for consumers interested in buying $10 dresses and other low-priced goods. [Reuters]

•

India’s growing market. By 2027, India is expected to become the world’s third-largest consumer market, rising from its current position as fifth largest, a UK-based research firm has found. Due in part to a robust youth population that will likely spend sizably on consumer electronics, real household spending may increase nearly 30%, reaching about $3 trillion over the next four years. Per capita household spending in India, at 7.8% year over year, is set to outperform other economies in Asia such as Indonesia and Thailand. [CNBC]

Value is especially important to consumers today: in India, 82% of consumers say they switch to a different retailer or brand when they’re looking for better value.

On McKinsey.com

•

The ‘zero consumer.’ You’re likely to be a “zero consumer” even if you might not call yourself one. Zero consumers are omnichannel shoppers. They scrimp and splurge at the same time, they’re not loyal to brands, and they care about health and sustainability. Zero consumers are everywhere in Asia, but they are a global phenomenon as well—and companies that don’t pay close attention to them could soon become irrelevant, McKinsey senior partner Dymfke Kuijpers and coauthors share.

•

Zero loyalty. One characteristic that sets zero consumers apart is that they’re open to trying new channels, stores, and brands. In Australia, 63% of respondents in a McKinsey Consumer Pulse Survey from August 2023 said they had adopted new shopping behaviors—including shopping at different stores or buying different brands—in the prior three months. This figure is even higher in India (87%), China (83%), and South Korea (67%). Consider four actions consumer companies in Asia and elsewhere can take to win over zero consumers.

Understand the zero consumer

— Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta

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The microhabits that help CEOs succeed

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FRESH TAKES ON BIG IDEAS

ON CEO SELF-CARE
For CEOs, it’s the little things that count

Homayoun Hatami

I’ve spent most of my career working with CEOs; I have met with a hundred or so just in the past year. When I tell people that, everyone wants me to distill the secrets of leadership into a simple formula. Sorry, I can’t do it. But I will pass on something I’ve learned that might be helpful.

Everybody knows about what we might call the macrohabits of leaders: staking out a vision for the company, setting a tone of fairness among employees, being visible to stakeholders, fielding tough questions, pushing hard for results—these are the behaviors that everyone expects from a CEO.

But there’s another layer of behaviors that goes less noticed and arguably has even more to do with success, especially if success to you means excelling in areas like commitment, sustainability, satisfaction, and well-being. These are the microhabits of leadership—the little things—and they’ve never been more important, as business and society grapple with an endless cascade of uncertainty or worse: wars on several continents, a global economy that can’t make up its mind, new technologies like gen AI that might make everything better (or worse), and so on.

How do you stay zen through all of this and still deliver on the vast expectations of a CEO? Start at the bottom of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs: bodily health. Leaders need to find the time for simple daily routines that preserve mental and physical stamina. One go-to move is to set up a regular early-afternoon call with someone you like. Taking a walk is never a bad idea. And sometimes, it’s just a matter of staying upbeat and finding new sources of inspiration. One leader told me he wakes up every morning asking the same question: “What’s going to be nice today?” Expressing gratitude is a powerful daily habit. Above all, get some sleep. Turn off your phone and pick up an old-fashioned book for 30 minutes.

“The microhabits of leadership—the little things—have never been more important, as business and society grapple with an endless cascade of uncertainty.”

Sound mind, sound body: if you’ve got that, you’ve got everything you need to build a few microhabits to elevate your workday. It’s more important than ever to know your strengths and pace yourself. Many leaders fall into a trap on their way up the career ladder. They don’t dare (or know how) to delegate. Huge mistake. You hired the people around you because they were exceptional; why don’t you trust them? Stay out of their way and let them do their thing. The true test of leadership is when your team succeeds without you. Letting others take the wheel is probably the top secret of time management for CEOs, but there are others. Hold the line on travel. Cap the length of meetings. Pick up the phone rather than ponder the right wording for an email.

OK, let’s kick it up a notch. Some leaders have also told me about the importance of symbolic acts. How many times have you heard a friend describe an encounter with a celebrity by saying, “He was really down-to-earth” or “She seemed like a real person”? In our optics-focused age, being a real person seems weird or forced or impossible, but it doesn’t have to be. Some CEOs, celebrities in their own right for their workforces, are taking turns as mystery shoppers to see their companies the way their customers do. Some are showing up at stores to greet customers, even doing a shift at the customer-service desk, to model how best to listen to people who are unsatisfied with a transaction and then turn them into customers for life. Others are spending time with junior managers, half of whom started after the 2008 financial crisis and 70 percent after the dot-com bubble. Stories from the old days can inspire and inform.

These are some of the microhabits that I’ve learned from leaders and try to practice myself. Remember that as a leader, the only way to take good care of your teams, customers, shareholders, and communities is to take good care of yourself.

ABOUT THIS AUTHOR

Homayoun Hatami is the managing partner for global client capabilities and a senior partner in McKinsey’s Paris office.

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Women are ‘breaking up’ with unfulfilling jobs. What can employers do?

On Point

TODAY’S NEWS. TOMORROW’S INSIGHTS.
A daily newsletter from McKinsey & Company

Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities

Support for working women

In the news

•

More time at home. From offering flexible work options to lactation rooms, companies have come a long way when it comes to supporting working parents. However, even with helpful employers, many moms may still choose to work fewer hours or leave the workplace to have more time with their kids, according to a new study that included 1,200 US mothers. Since stay-at-home parenthood is a path many workers prefer, employers might consider accommodating parents who seek to put their careers on hold. [Charter]

•

Remote-work trade-offs. Flexible work arrangements have enabled more working moms to stay employed. At the same time, women who work remotely could pay a steep price for doing so in terms of being able to advance their careers. US researchers found that a decade of remote work from 2009 to 2019 lifted working moms’ employment rates in fields such as computer science and marketing and communications. Yet remote work may also decrease the amount of feedback given to less experienced workers and female employees. [NYT]

“For every one female manager or director who was promoted, two decided to leave.”

On McKinsey.com

•

‘Voting with their feet.’ Women are ambitious but face hurdles in their efforts to advance in the workplace, McKinsey senior partners Lareina Yee and Alexis Krivkovich share on an episode of The McKinsey Podcast. “We found that 37% of women leaders had a coworker take credit for their idea, and that they were two times more likely to be mistaken for someone junior,” Yee explains. For the first time, women leaders are voting with their feet; they’re leaving their jobs for more fulfilling work in unprecedented numbers, adds Krivkovich.

•

More work, less recognition. Even though the vast majority of companies now have diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) as part of their overall corporate goals, that work isn’t acknowledged in a meaningful way, Krivkovich says. Women leaders do twice the DE&I work as their male peers. Yet only about 25% of companies formally recognize that work in their performance reviews, Krivkovich notes. Understandably, women say they want a return on the investment for their loyalty and for their effort. Learn what women are looking for from employers.

See why women leave workplaces

— Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta

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New entrants are shaking up Europe’s auto industry. Can the sector stay competitive?

On Point

TODAY’S NEWS. TOMORROW’S INSIGHTS.
A daily newsletter from McKinsey & Company

Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities

Revving up Europe’s auto sector

In the news

•

Playing catch-up. Western automakers are increasingly relying on China to produce critical battery parts needed for the global shift to electric vehicles (EVs). Chinese battery manufacturers provide roughly 80% of the world’s battery cells. The country also processes much of the world’s supply of key raw materials used in battery making, such as cobalt, graphite, nickel, and lithium. Under years of state sponsorship, China’s EV market has grown to become the world’s largest. That leaves other nations with a tough task: catching up. [Bloomberg]

•

‘Running into reality.’ Chinese carmakers commanded the showrooms of a biennial auto expo held in Munich in September, with twice the number of Chinese companies displaying their models when compared with 2021. The auto industry is transforming rapidly. In Europe, EVs make up nearly 20% of all cars sold. By 2030, EVs could account for 35% of global auto sales, according to the International Energy Agency. China’s automakers are expanding into overseas markets as local demand for Chinese-made vehicles slows. [FT]

Chinese OEMs are gaining ground, reaching 45% market share in their home market in 2022 and octupling their market share in Europe between 2020 and 2022.

On McKinsey.com

•

A regional powerhouse. Europe’s automotive industry is a powerhouse for the region. The sector contributed roughly 10% of Europe’s exports in 2022. However, the auto industry’s status as a jewel of the European economy is being challenged as leaders face massive shifts such as the electrification of vehicles, which requires differentiation through software. This has allowed new entrants in Europe and abroad, especially in China, to win market share, according to McKinsey senior partner Ruth Heuss and coauthors.

•

Decreasing share of market. McKinsey analysis suggests that newer automakers are testing European OEMs’ leadership position. Since 2019, European incumbents have lost six percentage points of market share in their home market and five percentage points in China, according to the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility. In addition, new EV start-ups control 51% of the global battery-electric-vehicle market. See our road map for seven pillars that Europe’s automotive leaders can act on to help the industry stay competitive.

Study our road map

— Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta

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by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:05 - 31 Oct 2023

คำแนะนำการเปลี่ยนแบตเตอรี่ตามรอบการใช้งานจาก ชไนเดอร์ อิเล็คทริค | ลดสูงสุด 42%

Schneider Electric

บริการเชิงรุก Digital Services		>ดูออนไลน์

Battery Replacement 2023

หากคุณมี UPS 3 Phase รุ่น Smart-UPS, Galaxy 3500, Symmetra ที่อายุมากกว่า 3 ปี ตามคำแนะนำของผู้เชี่ยวชาญจาก ชไนเดอร์ อิเล็คทริค เราขอแนะนำให้ท่านทำการเปลี่ยนแบตเตอรี่ตามรอบการใช้งานของอายุแบตเตอรี่ลิเทียมไอออน พิเศษสุดๆ! สำหรับท่านที่ทำการเปลี่ยน APC แบตเตอรี่กับเราภายในระยะเวลาแคมเปญ ลดทันทีสูงสุดถึง 42%!!! ตั้งแต่วันนี้ - 31 ธันวาคม 2023

*ราคาในตารางที่แนบมารวมค่าแรงเปลี่ยนอุปกรณ์ ณ ไซต์งานกรุงเทพ ปริมณฑล

รับโปรด่วน!

Digital Services

สแกนลงทะเบียนรับสิทธิ์

โปรดสแกน QR Code หรือคลิกที่ปุ่มด้านล่าง เพื่อลงทะเบียนรับสิทธิ์โปรโมชัน

คลิกเลย!

+ Lifecycle Services

From energy and sustainability consulting to optimizing the life cycle of your assets, we have services to meet your business needs.

Schneider Electric
46 Rungrojthanakul Building. 1st, 10th, 11th Floor, Ratchadapisek Road. Huaykwang
Bangkok - 10310, Thailand
Phone +662 617 5555

ยกเลิกการเป็นสมาชิก | นโยบายความเป็นส่วนตัว

© 2023 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Schneider Electric is a trademark and the property of Schneider Electric SE, its subsidiaries and affiliated companies. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

by "Schneider Electric" <reply@se.com> - 09:01 - 30 Oct 2023

Driver Monitoring Software that Tracks and Manages Driver Activities Embracing Safe Driving Behaviors for a Better Tomorrow.

Download E-book

A critical aspect of fleet management that can impact everything from safety to costs and productivity.

Find Out What Makes Our Software Stand Out from the Crowd

Driver Performance

Refers to evaluating a driver's skills, behaviors, and effectiveness in carrying out their duties. Used to allocate drivers based on performance, ensuring that the most effective drivers are assigned to the most important routes or tasks.

Driver scoring

Scoring provides a way for fleet managers to objectively assess driver performance and identify areas for improvement. Fleet managers can define their own scoring parameters to tailor assessments to their specific goals and priorities.

Alerts and Reports

Violation Report

Provides instances of unsafe behavior by drivers. It includes violations such as speeding, harsh braking, etc.

Driver Rating

A report that provides an assessment of individual driver performance based on predefined criteria.

Speeding Alerts

When a driver exceeds the predefined speed limit.

Harsh Braking Alerts

When a driver applies brakes abruptly or forcefully.

Empower your clients with driving behavior and help them save on costs

Get a Demo

www.uffizio.com

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by "Sunny Thakur" <sunny.thakur@uffizio.com> - 08:00 - 30 Oct 2023

A leader’s guide to telling it like it is

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ESSENTIALS FOR LEADERS AND THOSE THEY LEAD

Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities

Leaders are often overwhelmed by information, whether it comes through torrents of emails or during seemingly endless meetings. “In our efforts to connect across our organizations, we’re drowning in real-time virtual interaction technology,” observe McKinsey senior partner Aaron De Smet and coauthors in a report on their research. “Interacting is easier than ever, but true, productive, value-creating collaboration is not.” Lack of effective communication can contribute to the problem—leaders rarely take the time to craft brief, authentic messages that cut through information overload and advance organizational objectives. A back-to-basics approach can help.

AN IDEA

Take a tip from crisis communications

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations were tasked with conveying complex and sometimes conflicting information to diverse audiences. We noted back then that “the fundamental tools of effective communication still work”: offering clear, simple, and frequent messages; choosing candor over charisma; and helping people build resilience to get through the crisis. Postpandemic, the same techniques can help leaders manage through uncertain times and gain the trust of employees and external stakeholders. Organizational changes can benefit from a well-planned communications strategy—for example, honest messaging can go a long way toward making business transformations successful . In challenging situations such as mergers , “communications should be genuine and transparent,” suggest McKinsey senior partner Oliver Engert and colleagues. “Employees value having difficult messages communicated in a direct way.”

A BIG NUMBER

3

That’s roughly how many more times management teams blame rather than credit external events—such as inflation, political upheavals, or regulatory changes—for company performance. “In good times and terrible ones, companies across industries tend to talk a lot more about headwinds than tailwinds,” observe McKinsey senior partner Ryan Davies and colleagues in their study of 14 consecutive quarters of public-company reporting. Yet they find little to no correlation between headwind or tailwind investor communications and company performance, noting that “consistent, clear, and transparent messaging is essential for companies to maintain and enhance credibility with shareholders.”

A QUOTE

“What the leader cares about does not tap into roughly 80 percent of the workforce’s primary motivators.”

Many leaders are taught to create compelling stories that can help effect the organizational transformations they desire. But all too often, such stories fall short because they ignore five major types of impact—including impact on society and individuals—that motivate employees, according to McKinsey senior partners Carolyn Dewar and Scott Keller in their classic article on the irrational aspect of change management. At one company, switching from communicating a conventional change story to one that included all five kinds of impact lifted employee motivation measures from 35.4 percent to 57.1 percent in a month and enabled a 10 percent improvement in cost efficiency in the first year.

A SPOTLIGHT INTERVIEW

An image linking to the web page “Author Talks: Am I making myself clear?” on McKinsey.com.

When BBC journalist Ros Atkins flunked an important job interview early in his career, he started thinking about how to communicate more systematically. “I hadn’t worked out a plan for that moment in the room,” he says in a discussion with McKinsey. “I hadn’t worked out the information I wanted to share or the questions I wanted to ask.” Years later, in his role at the BBC, he honed the art of conveying information with precision and confidence. Clear communication depends on expressing the details of a subject in “phrases and sentences and explanations that really feel contained, clear, and devoid of distraction,” says Atkins. It’s also essential to focus only on vital information in the workplace, he adds. “There are certain pieces of information that matter the most. These are things that we really want to get across. There is additional information we don’t really need to include, or very long sentences full of words we don’t really need to say.”

I CAN EXPLAIN

Corporate buzzwords and jargon are often the target of jokes. But poor communication can have consequences that are far from amusing—bad writing may cost businesses nearly $400 billion a year, according to one survey. In a well-known case, a single typo in a government agency’s report forced a company to go out of business. Workplace communications that are too long, poorly organized, or unclear may confuse recipients and drain productivity. “The difference between good and bad communication can’t be overstated,” says McKinsey partner Julie Goran. “Think about having a clear and compelling narrative that’s shared in a coherent and consistent way. It encourages dialogue and engagement, and it’s a source of motivation.”

Lead by communicating well.

— Edited by Rama Ramaswami, senior editor, New York

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by "McKinsey Leading Off" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 02:06 - 30 Oct 2023

Are you back in the office? In the hybrid work era, employee expectations are changing.

On Point

TODAY’S NEWS. TOMORROW’S INSIGHTS.
A daily newsletter from McKinsey & Company

Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities

Real estate and hybrid work

In the news

•

Swiping in. As employers enforce their rules on in-office attendance, some are using ID badges to monitor the amount of time employees stay inside of buildings. About six in ten companies with US offices keep office attendance records, per a survey of roughly 200 real estate leaders. Among them, approximately four in ten employers use badge swipes, data that reveals a computer’s location, or sensors to track attendance. One reason for executives’ focus on attendance is that companies don’t understand how workers are using buildings, one CEO says. [WSJ]

•

From conference room to classroom. College and university officials are buying office buildings at modest prices as demand for office buildings has fallen. In the US, 49 four-year private schools and 16 four-year public schools are among the institutions of higher learning that have purchased office buildings in the past five years. Unlike when converting offices into housing—which might require putting in bathrooms, kitchens, and windows—adapting them for school use generally doesn’t involve making major changes to buildings. [NYT]

“In an unmanaged scenario, we found that office demand in a median city was down by 13%, and in a dire scenario, some cities were down by 38%.”

On McKinsey.com

•

History lesson. It’s important to know the historical context when considering the US office market, David Steinbach, Hines’ global chief investment officer and cohead of investment management, shares with McKinsey partner Brian Vickery in a recent episode of Deal Volume. Tax reform in the 1980s and about 15 years of 0% interest rates incentivized landlords to “increase rent and create higher tenant inducements,” Vickery explains. That in turn raised tenants’ expectations and “distorted the dynamics of supply and demand within office buildings.”

•

What workers want. In the hybrid work era, “employees want a space that is social, creative, and collaborative, which is against the old cubicle mindset,” Vickery says. Although real estate has lagged behind in its ability to keep up with what consumers want, better data on how tenants are using office space once they’re inside buildings should enable companies to meet customer expectations more effectively, according to Steinbach. Listen to the full podcast for more on hybrid work and the future of real estate.

Understand changes in real estate

— Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta

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by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:41 - 30 Oct 2023

โปรโมชั่น Smart Variable Speed Drive

Schneider Electric

Industries of the Future		>ดูออนไลน์

Smart Variable Speed Drive - Industrial IoT Solution

พบกับ Smart Variable Speed Drive หรือ Invertor Solutions สุดล้ำที่สามารถสร้างสิ่งที่ดีที่สุดให้กับคุณด้วยสมาร์ทเทคโนโลยี เพื่อตอบรับการเข้าสู่ยุค Industrial iIOT

พบกับโปรโมชั่นสุดพิเศษจากชไนเดอร์!
Promotion => ATV340

คลิกด้านล่างเพื่อดูรายละเอียดโปรโมชั่นได้เลย!

ดูโปรโมชั่น

ติดต่อฝ่ายขาย

+ Lifecycle Services

From energy and sustainability consulting to optimizing the life cycle of your assets, we have services to meet your business needs.

Schneider Electric
46 Rungrojthanakul Building. 1st, 10th, 11th Floor, Ratchadapisek Road. Huaykwang
Bangkok - 10310, Thailand
Phone +662 617 5555

ยกเลิกการเป็นสมาชิก | นโยบายความเป็นส่วนตัว

© 2023 Schneider Electric. All Rights Reserved. Schneider Electric is a trademark and the property of Schneider Electric SE, its subsidiaries and affiliated companies. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

by "Schneider Electric" <reply@se.com> - 11:01 - 29 Oct 2023

A new tool to visualize flows of trade around the world

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Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities

New from McKinsey & Company

A new tool to visualize flows of trade around the world

G7 trade representatives are convening in Osaka, Japan, today for the G7 Trade Ministers’ Meeting. As global economic connections continue to shift and reconfigure, collaboration is critical to addressing sustainability and resilience in the global trading system. A new interactive tool from the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI)—which draws on two decades worth of data covering more than 50 economies, 15 major sectors, and more than 100 subsectors across various manufactured goods and resources categories—can help inform decision making around growth opportunities, supply chain dynamics, and other trends that depend on global trade flows. Check out the tool, developed by MGI’s Jeongmin Seong, Olivia White, and Jonathan Woetzel, with contributions from other McKinsey colleagues and academic advisors, and explore more insights on the global flows that connect our world.

MORE FROM MCKINSEY

Bob Sternfels speaking at the New Economy Forum in Singapore

Bob Sternfels on global flows and value chains: “No region, no country is an island today.”

At the Bloomberg New Economy Forum in Singapore, our global managing partner made the case for an interconnected business world that accelerates sustainable and inclusive growth.

Collaboration is key

To see more essential reading on topics that matter, visit McKinsey Themes.

— Edited by Eleni Kostopoulos, managing editor, New York

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by "McKinsey & Company" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 06:29 - 28 Oct 2023

The week in charts

The Week in Charts

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ALL THE WEEK’S DATA THAT’S FIT TO VISUALIZE

Our McKinsey Chart of the Day series offers a daily chart that helps explain a changing world—as we strive toward sustainable and inclusive growth. In case you missed them, this week’s graphics explored transitions in banking, medtech R&D spending, women’s representation in the corporate pipeline, decarbonizing semiconductor supplier emissions, and organizational transformations.

FEATURED CHART

Financial performance may vary

A chart titled “There is wide divergence in financial institutions' ability to create economic and shareholder value.” Click to open the full article on McKinsey.com.

This week’s other select charts

Bang for your R&D bucks

Slow climb to the C-suite

Fab sustainability

Elements of success

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by "McKinsey Week in Charts" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 03:02 - 28 Oct 2023

EP83: Explaining 9 Types of API Testing

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EP83: Explaining 9 Types of API Testing

ByteByteGo

Oct 28

READ IN APP

This week’s system design interview:

Python Vs C++ Vs Java! (Youtube video)
Explaining 9 types of API testing
API Vs SDK!
System Design for Everyone!
Explain the Top 6 Use Cases of Object Stores

How to Build Your Engineering Metrics Program (Guide) (Sponsored)

While sales and marketing have clear, well understood dashboards, engineering insight often feels just out of reach.

Structuring and correlating engineering data with a metrics program provides holistic visibility into engineering health, fosters delivery predictability, improves dev experience, and helps you communicate with the rest of the business in a common language.

Use this free guide to start your metrics program–inside you’ll learn to:

Identify leading and lagging indicators of engineering health
Benchmark metrics and define “good” for your team
Surface risk indicators and improvement opportunities
Build an improvement strategy with automation and goal setting

Get The Guide

Python Vs C++ Vs Java!

Explaining 9 types of API testing

No alternative text description for this image

Smoke Testing
This is done after API development is complete. Simply validate if the APIs are working and nothing breaks.
Functional Testing
This creates a test plan based on the functional requirements and compares the results with the expected results.
Integration Testing
This test combines several API calls to perform end-to-end tests. The intra-service communications and data transmissions are tested.
Regression Testing
This test ensures that bug fixes or new features shouldn’t break the existing behaviors of APIs.
Load Testing
This tests applications’ performance by simulating different loads. Then we can calculate the capacity of the application.
Stress Testing
We deliberately create high loads to the APIs and test if the APIs are able to function normally.
Security Testing
This tests the APIs against all possible external threats.
UI Testing
This tests the UI interactions with the APIs to make sure the data can be displayed properly.
Fuzz Testing
This injects invalid or unexpected input data into the API and tries to crash the API. In this way, it identifies the API vulnerabilities.

Latest articles

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To receive all the full articles and support ByteByteGo, consider subscribing:

Upgrade to paid

API Vs SDK!

API (Application Programming Interface) and SDK (Software Development Kit) are essential tools in the software development world, but they serve distinct purposes:

API:
An API is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications and services to communicate with each other.

It defines how software components should interact.
Facilitates data exchange and functionality access between software components.
Typically consists of endpoints, requests, and responses.

SDK:
An SDK is a comprehensive package of tools, libraries, sample code, and documentation that assists developers in building applications for a particular platform, framework, or hardware.

Offers higher-level abstractions, simplifying development for a specific platform.
Tailored to specific platforms or frameworks, ensuring compatibility and optimal performance on that platform.
Offer access to advanced features and capabilities specific to the platform, which might be otherwise challenging to implement from scratch.

The choice between APIs and SDKs depends on the development goals and requirements of the project.

Over to you:
Which do you find yourself gravitating towards – APIs or SDKs – Every implementation has a unique story to tell. What's yours?

System Design for Everyone!

We've open-sourced the 'System Design 101' GitHub repo last week, which has just reached 35,000 stars.

Thanks to everyone who has starred, forked, or contributed to the repository. We got our 1st GitHub badge!

We are actively working on improving it and have merged 15 pull requests last week. Everyone is welcome to contribute.

What's included in the GitHub repository:

100 byte-sized system concepts with visuals.
Real-world case studies.
Tips on how to prepare for system design interviews.

Topics included (and many many more):

SOAP vs. REST vs. GraphQL vs. RPC
HTTP 1.0 -> HTTP 1.1 -> HTTP 2.0 -> HTTP 3.0 (QUIC)
CI/CD Pipeline Explained in Simple Terms
8 Data Structures That Power Your Databases
Top caching strategies
What does a typical microservice architecture look like?

Start exploring the repository here.

Explain the Top 6 Use Cases of Object Stores

What is an object store?
Object store uses objects to store data. Compared with file storage which uses a hierarchical structure to store files, or block storage which divides files into equal block sizes, object storage stores metadata together with the objects. Typical products include AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage, and Azure Blob Storage.

An object store provides flexibility in formats and scales easily.
Case 1: Data Archiving
With the ever-growing amounts of business data, we cannot store all the data in core storage systems. We need to have layers of storage plan. An object store can be used to archive old data that exists for auditing or client statements. This is a cost-effective approach.
Case 2: Unstructured Data Storage
We often need to deal with unstructured data or semi-structured data. In the past, they were usually stored as blobs in the relational database, which was quite inefficient. An object store is a good match for music, video files, and text documents. Companies like Spotify or Netflix uses object store to persist their media files.
Case 3: Cloud Native Storage
For cloud-native applications, we need the data storage system to be flexible and scalable. Major public cloud providers have easy API access to their object store products and can be used for economical storage choices.
Case 4: Data Lake
There are many types of data in a distributed system. An object store-backed data lake provides a good place for different business lines to dump their data for later analytics or machine learning. The efficient reads and writes of the object store facilitate more steps down the data processing pipeline, including ETL(Extract-Transform-Load) or constructing a data warehouse.
Case 5: Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT sensors produce all kinds of data. An object store can store this type of time series and later run analytics or AI algorithms on them. Major public cloud providers provide pipelines to ingest raw IoT data into the object store.
Case 6: Backup and Recovery
An object store can be used to store database or file system backups. Later, the backups can be loaded for fast recovery. This improves the system’s availability.

Over to you: What did you use object store for?

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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:36 - 28 Oct 2023

From purpose to power: Defying the status quo

Readers & Leaders

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THIS MONTH'S PAGE-TURNERS ON BUSINESS AND BEYOND

You’ve just been blindsided by a business setback or a personal loss. The experience could render you crippled by caution, or it could help you reframe the future. As the interviews below demonstrate, life lessons can create opportunity for growth and innovation. At times, they can harness the potential that turns the biggest gambles into the greatest payoffs.

In this edition of Readers & Leaders, learn how perceived setbacks turned three authors into catalysts for change and transformed their approach to business and leadership. When met with the challenges of Ebola and energy deprivation in the poorest communities, Dr. Rajiv J. Shah, president of the Rockefeller Foundation, employed the “big bets” concept—using innovative solutions to tackle the world’s greatest problems. In a new Author Talks interview, Dr. Shah shares the importance of learning from others to enact change, why trusting your moral instincts is important, and why giving up control is essential to achieving scale and sustainability. In other featured interviews, Ron Shaich, founder and former CEO of Au Bon Pain and Panera Bread, explores how the loss of his parents helped him redefine a life well-lived and turn pain into purpose, and BBC analysis editor Ros Atkins discusses how a lost job opportunity triggered a journey into improving his communication skills.

IT BEARS REPEATING

An image linking to the web page “Author Talks: Why big gambles can lead to even bigger payoffs” on McKinsey.com.

“I actually learned a playbook of how young people, in particular, can aspire to be changemakers. Anyone can be a changemaker if they adopt a big-bet mindset and are willing to think boldly—just as boldly as you would in the private sector. Think boldly about how you can actually make positive changes in this world.”

—Dr. Rajiv J. Shah, president, the Rockefeller Foundation, in an October edition of Author Talks.

IN CASE YOU MISSED IT

Ron Shaich on why your life assessment shouldn’t happen “in the ninth inning, with two outs”: “Essentially, the process of a premortem, or defining today what’s going to matter tomorrow, is about figuring out, ‘Where do I want to land in the future? I know where I want to be in three years, in five, in seven. I could effectively build a plan to get there.’” Watch the full interview.

Ros Atkins offers a practical approach to effective explanation: “If you can spot the elements of those subjects that you’re not comfortable with, get the information to help you, and then do the preparation to make sure you can express that information clearly, you understand the subject, and you can then explain it.” Watch the full interview.

TURN BACK THE PAGE

Looking to learn more about how life lessons could impact leadership in your organization? Revisit these 2023 Author Talks interviews.

1. IBM’s Ginni Rometty on leading with ‘good power’
2. Create your ‘reinvention road map’ in four easy steps
3. Embracing power and possibility in the aftermath of loss
4. How people-first leadership can make the sky the limit
5. The world’s longest study of adult development finds the key to happy living

BUSINESS BESTSELLERS TOP

8

Need more books to add to your reading list? Explore these business bestsellers, prepared exclusively for McKinsey by Circana. Check out the full selection on McKinsey on Books.

BUSINESS OVERALL

Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way To Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones by James Clear (Penguin Group USA)

BUSINESS HARDCOVER

Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way To Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones by James Clear (Penguin Group USA)

DECISION MAKING

Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking by Malcolm Gladwell (Hachette Book Group)

ECONOMICS

Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything by Stephen J. Dubner and Steven D. Levitt (HarperCollins Publishers)

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way To Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones by James Clear (Penguin Group USA)

WORKPLACE CULTURE

Belonging Rules: Five Crucial Actions That Build Unity and Foster Performance by Brad Deutser (Random House)

DIVERSITY & INCLUSION

Poverty, by America by Matthew Desmond (Random House)

SUSTAINABILITY

Environment and Society: A Critical Introduction by John Hintz, Sarah A. Moore, and Paul Robbins (John Wiley & Sons)

BOOKMARK THIS

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Your guide to the expansive potential of generative AI

The newest issue of the McKinsey Quarterly explores how gen AI is transforming the business landscape.

Start reading

If you’d like to propose a book or author for #McKAuthorTalks, please email us at Author_Talks@McKinsey.com. Due to the high volume of requests, we will respond only to those being considered.

— Edited by Emily Adeyanju, an editor in McKinsey’s Charlotte office

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by "McKinsey Readers & Leaders" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 11:27 - 28 Oct 2023

Archives

in

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Kubernetes' Declarative Architecture

The Declarative Model

Custom Resource Definition

Advanced Built-in Resources

Third-party Add-ons

Benefits and Drawbacks of Kubernetes

The Main Benefits

Infrastructure Efficiency

Enhanced Developer Productivity

Easy Scalability

Application Portability

Consistent Environments

Resilience

Large Ecosystem

Vendor Neutral

The Main Drawbacks

Complexity

Resource Overheads

Security Concerns

Resource Underutilization

Upgrade Headaches

Limited Support for Stateful Apps

Our Take

Use Cases for Kubernetes

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