Archives
- By thread 3434
-
By date
- June 2021 10
- July 2021 6
- August 2021 20
- September 2021 21
- October 2021 48
- November 2021 40
- December 2021 23
- January 2022 46
- February 2022 80
- March 2022 109
- April 2022 100
- May 2022 97
- June 2022 105
- July 2022 82
- August 2022 95
- September 2022 103
- October 2022 117
- November 2022 115
- December 2022 102
- January 2023 88
- February 2023 90
- March 2023 116
- April 2023 97
- May 2023 159
- June 2023 145
- July 2023 120
- August 2023 90
- September 2023 102
- October 2023 106
- November 2023 100
- December 2023 74
- January 2024 75
- February 2024 75
- March 2024 78
- April 2024 74
- May 2024 108
- June 2024 98
- July 2024 116
- August 2024 134
- September 2024 103
-
Are you ready for the future of work? A leader’s guide
Forward thinking
by "McKinsey Leading Off" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 04:36 - 15 Jan 2024 -
The week in charts
The Week in Charts
Climate inequities, economic projections, and more Share these insights
Did you enjoy this newsletter? Forward it to colleagues and friends so they can subscribe too. Was this issue forwarded to you? Sign up for it and sample our 40+ other free email subscriptions here.
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this email because you subscribed to The Week in Charts newsletter.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "McKinsey Week in Charts" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 03:26 - 13 Jan 2024 -
EP94: REST API Cheatsheet
EP94: REST API Cheatsheet
This week’s system design refresher: Everything You NEED to Know About Client Architecture Patterns (Youtube video) REST API Cheatsheet How Does a Typical Push Notification System Work? Top 4 Most Popular Use Cases for UDP Top 8 Programming Paradigms Forwarded this email? Subscribe here for moreThis week’s system design refresher:
Everything You NEED to Know About Client Architecture Patterns (Youtube video)
REST API Cheatsheet
How Does a Typical Push Notification System Work?
Top 4 Most Popular Use Cases for UDP
Top 8 Programming Paradigms
SPONSOR US
Introducing New Relic AI Monitoring (AIM), the industry’s first APM for AI (Sponsored)
New Relic AIM provides unprecedented visibility and insights to engineers and developers who are modernizing their tech stacks. With AIM, engineering teams can monitor, alert, debug, and root-cause AI-powered applications.
Everything You NEED to Know About Client Architecture Patterns
REST API Cheatsheet
This guide is designed to help you understand the world of RESTful APIs in a clear and engaging way.
What's inside:
An exploration of the six fundamental principles of REST API design.
Insights into key components such as HTTP methods, protocols, versioning, and more.
A special focus on practical aspects like pagination, filtering, and endpoint design.
Whether you're beginning your API journey or looking to refresh your knowledge, this blog and cheat sheet combo is the perfect toolkit for success.
Get 80% automated end-to-end test coverage in 4 months (Sponsored)
Traditional QA solutions take years to scale, and high test coverage is never guaranteed. QA Wolf gets web apps to 80% automated end-to-end test coverage in 4 months. They will create and maintain your test suite in open-source Playwright (no vendor lock-in, you own the code), and provide unlimited parallel test runs on their infrastructure.
The best part: QA Wolf saves you money. They are saving Salesloft $750k/year on QA engineering and infrastructure by executing 300+ tests in parallel on every PR.
PS: QA Wolf has a 4.8/5 🌟 rating on G2
How Does a Typical Push Notification System Work?
The diagram below shows the architecture of a notification system that covers major notification channels:
In-App notifications
Email notifications
SMS and OTP notifications
Social media pushes
Let’s walk through the steps.
Steps 1.1 and 1.2 - The business services send notifications to the notification gateway. The gateway can handle two modes: one mode receives one notification each time, and the other receives notifications in batches.
Steps 2, 2.1, and 2.2 - The notification gateway forwards the notifications to the distribution service, where the messages are validated, formatted, and scheduled based on settings. The notification template repository allows users to pre-define the message format. The channel preference repository allows users to pre-define the preferred delivery channels.
Step 3 - The notifications are then sent to the routers, normally message queues.
Step 4 - The channel services communicate with various internal and external delivery channels, including in-app notifications, email delivery, SMS delivery, and social media apps.
Steps 5 and 6 - The delivery metrics are captured by the notification tracking and analytics service, where the operations team can view the analytical reports and improve user experiences.
Top 4 Most Popular Use Cases for UDP
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used in various software architectures for its simplicity, speed, and low overhead compared to other protocols like TCP.
Live Video Streaming
Many VoIP and video conferencing applications leverage UDP due to its lower overhead and ability to tolerate packet loss. Real-time communication benefits from UDP's reduced latency compared to TCP.DNS
DNS (Domain Name Service) queries typically use UDP for their fast and lightweight nature. Although DNS can also use TCP for large responses or zone transfers, most queries are handled via UDP.Market Data Multicast
In low-latency trading, UDP is utilized for efficient market data delivery to multiple recipients simultaneously.IoT
UDP is often used in IoT devices for communications, sending small packets of data between devices.
Top 8 Programming Paradigms
Imperative Programming
Imperative programming describes a sequence of steps that change the program’s state. Languages like C, C++, Java, Python (to an extent), and many others support imperative programming styles.Declarative Programming
Declarative programming emphasizes expressing logic and functionalities without describing the control flow explicitly. Functional programming is a popular form of declarative programming.Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Object-oriented programming (OOP) revolves around the concept of objects, which encapsulate data (attributes) and behavior (methods or functions). Common object-oriented programming languages include Java, C++, Python, Ruby, and C#.Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)
Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) aims to modularize concerns that cut across multiple parts of a software system. AspectJ is one of the most well-known AOP frameworks that extends Java with AOP capabilities.Functional Programming
Functional Programming (FP) treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and emphasizes the use of immutable data and declarative expressions. Languages like Haskell, Lisp, Erlang, and some features in languages like JavaScript, Python, and Scala support functional programming paradigms.Reactive Programming
Reactive Programming deals with asynchronous data streams and the propagation of changes. Event-driven applications, and streaming data processing applications benefit from reactive programming.Generic Programming
Generic Programming aims at creating reusable, flexible, and type-independent code by allowing algorithms and data structures to be written without specifying the types they will operate on. Generic programming is extensively used in libraries and frameworks to create data structures like lists, stacks, queues, and algorithms like sorting, searching.Concurrent Programming
Concurrent Programming deals with the execution of multiple tasks or processes simultaneously, improving performance and resource utilization. Concurrent programming is utilized in various applications, including multi-threaded servers, parallel processing, concurrent web servers, and high-performance computing.
SPONSOR US
Get your product in front of more than 500,000 tech professionals.
Our newsletter puts your products and services directly in front of an audience that matters - hundreds of thousands of engineering leaders and senior engineers - who have influence over significant tech decisions and big purchases.
Space Fills Up Fast - Reserve Today
Ad spots typically sell out about 4 weeks in advance. To ensure your ad reaches this influential audience, reserve your space now by emailing hi@bytebytego.com
Like Comment Restack © 2024 ByteByteGo
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA 94104
Unsubscribe
by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:36 - 13 Jan 2024 -
El vínculo entre la diversidad y el impacto holístico
Además, la situación económica de los latinos en Estados Unidos Durante casi una década, McKinsey ha ofrecido una perspectiva global integral sobre la relación entre la diversidad del liderazgo y el rendimiento de las empresas. Este año, el caso de negocio a favor de la DEI es más sólido que nunca. En el cuarto informe de la serie Diversity Matters de McKinsey, los socios sénior de McKinsey, Celia Huber, María del Mar Martínez Márquez y Sara Prince, y otros coautores exploran el vínculo entre la diversidad y el impacto holístico. Otros temas destacados de la edición de este mes son:
•
poner a las personas primero mediante una IA centrada en el ser humano
•
los beneficios sociales y económicos de servir a los hogares latinos y a los propietarios de pequeñas y medianas empresas
•
la transformación mediante las fusiones y adquisiciones
•
cómo los directores ejecutivos a la mitad de su mandato pueden encontrar un nuevo engranaje para mantener el rendimiento organizacional
La selección de nuestros editores
LOS DESTACADOS DE ESTE MES
La IA centrada en el ser humano: El poder de poner a las personas primero
Un enfoque de la IA centrado en las personas puede mejorar los puestos de trabajo y el rendimiento.
Replantee las funcionesLa situación económica de los latinos en Estados Unidos: Impulsar el crecimiento financiero
Los ingresos por servicios financieros de los latinos pueden crecer más de $90 mil millones de dólares para 2030. Para captar más de ese mercado, las instituciones tendrían que adaptar sus ofertas.
Aprenda a crecerCuando una transacción forja una transformación
Un enfoque de las integraciones de fusiones y adquisiciones que vaya más allá de las sinergias combinatorias puede ser el punto de partida de una transformación más amplia.
4 factoresCómo la IA generativa puede impulsar el marketing de consumo
Desde la automatización de procesos y el impulso de la hiperpersonalización hasta la alteración permanente del proceso de generación de ideas, la IA generativa está preparada para ser un catalizador de una nueva era de capacidades de marketing.
Comprenda el mercadoLiberar el potencial de la IA generativa: Tres preguntas clave para los organismos gubernamentales
Es posible que las organizaciones gubernamentales quieran subirse al carro de la inteligencia artificial (IA) generativa, pero las complejidades de la tecnología podrían marginar sus esfuerzos. Nuestro marco aborda algunas cuestiones críticas de la implementación.
Un plan de 8 pasosCómo los CEOs a la mitad de su mandato encuentran un nuevo impulso
Después de empezar con fuerza, los CEOs necesitan encontrar un nuevo impulso para mantener el rendimiento organizacional.
Evite detenerseEsperamos que disfrute de los artículos en español que seleccionamos este mes y lo invitamos a explorar también los siguientes artículos en inglés.
McKinsey Explainers
Find direct answers to complex questions, backed by McKinsey’s expert insights.
Learn moreMcKinsey Themes
Browse our essential reading on the topics that matter.
Get up to speedMcKinsey on Books
Explore this month’s best-selling business books prepared exclusively for McKinsey Publishing by Circana.
See the listsMcKinsey Chart of the Day
See our daily chart that helps explain a changing world—as we strive for sustainable, inclusive growth.
Dive inMcKinsey Classics
What customers want and what businesses think they want are often two different things. Read our 2017 classic “What shoppers really want from personalized marketing” to learn more.
RewindLeading Off
Our Leading Off newsletter features revealing research and inspiring interviews to empower you—and those you lead.
Subscribe now— Edited by Joyce Yoo, editor, New York
COMPARTA ESTAS IDEAS
¿Disfrutó este boletín? Reenvíelo a colegas y amigos para que ellos también puedan suscribirse. ¿Se le remitió este articulo? Regístrese y pruebe nuestras más de 40 suscripciones gratuitas por correo electrónico aquí.
Este correo electrónico contiene información sobre la investigación , los conocimientos, los servicios o los eventos de McKinsey. Al abrir nuestros correos electrónicos o hacer clic en los enlaces, acepta nuestro uso de cookies y tecnología de seguimiento web. Para obtener más información sobre cómo usamos y protegemos su información, consulte nuestra política de privacidad.
Recibió este correo electrónico porque es un miembro registrado de nuestro boletín informativo Destacados.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "Destacados de McKinsey" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 08:55 - 13 Jan 2024 -
Load Monitoring Software designed to monitor and optimize the load weight on fleets for different Industries.
Load Monitoring Software designed to monitor and optimize the load weight on fleets for different Industries.
Don't let overloaded vehicles compromise safety and profits - track your vehicle loads with load monitoring software.Efficiently monitor and optimize load weight, distribution, and progress in real-time
Use Cases Across Industries
Logistics
Relying on manual estimation or guesswork for load weight and distribution poses risks of errors and safety hazards. The solution of installing load sensors, for real-time data and generating alerts ensured accurate load management
Waste collection
Waste collection vehicles were underutilized, overfilled containers, and inaccurate billing. To address these, the solution involved installation of load sensors on the vehicles. It provided real-time fill-level data, and generated alerts to prevent overfilling.
Construction
A construction company implemented load monitoring software to address challenges in weight compliance, load distribution optimization, and real-time tracking. The software ensured legal weight limits, and optimized load distribution
Discuss your use-case to get your business growing
Uffizio Technologies Pvt. Ltd., 4th Floor, Metropolis, Opp. S.T Workshop, Valsad, Gujarat, 396001, India
by "Sunny Thakur" <sunny.thakur@uffizio.com> - 07:00 - 12 Jan 2024 -
Global cooperation is possible, reveals new WEF-McKinsey tool
Countdown to Davos: 3 days Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
New from McKinsey & Company
Solving the world’s toughest challenges requires global cooperation. And though it may feel scarce, global cooperation has actually remained resilient for much of the last 10 years. That’s according to the Global Cooperation Barometer, a new tool developed in partnership by McKinsey and the World Economic Forum (WEF). “It’s clear that on some dimensions the world has become increasingly divided, yet the barometer shows that when you look at the full picture, global cooperation has remained surprisingly robust over the last decade,” said Bob Sternfels, McKinsey’s global managing partner. “We’ve seen progress in collaboration across multiple areas, with special cause for optimism on climate and nature, and breakthroughs in frontier technologies that draw on global contributions to innovation.”
Check out the Global Cooperation Barometer’s accompanying report to better understand the contours of cooperation broadly and along five pillars: trade and capital flows, innovation and technology, climate and natural capital, health and wellness, and peace and security. Then dive into more insights from the McKinsey Global Institute on the global flows that connect our world. Bookmark this page for daily Davos updates, and learn more about McKinsey’s ongoing strategic partnership with WEF.To see more essential reading on topics that matter, visit McKinsey Themes.
— Edited by Eleni Kostopoulos, managing editor, New York
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this email because you subscribed to our McKinsey Global Institute alert list.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "McKinsey & Company" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 10:39 - 12 Jan 2024 -
The trouble with predictions
The Shortlist
Four new insights Curated by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
Happy New Year! Even as we sweep up the glitter, we’re already looking ahead to Davos, the World Economic Forum’s annual summit that’s kicking off on Monday in Switzerland. To help executives prepare for the meeting (and, yes, the schmoozing), we’ve interviewed hundreds of CEOs about their plans and priorities, successes and struggles as they look ahead. We collected the wisdom of that illustrious crowd in our new article “What matters most? Eight CEO priorities for 2024.” In this edition of the CEO Shortlist, we look closely at four of the priorities that CEOs say are guiding their plans for the coming year. (For a closer look at the other four, check out our previous edition.) We hope you enjoy the read and have an energetic start to 2024.
—Liz and Homayoun
Niels Bohr said it best: it’s very hard to make predictions, especially about the future. CEOs can empathize, particularly when it comes to geopolitics. One thing is for sure: events have an uncanny way of defying expectations. In the face of that, management teams and boards can develop playbooks that will work no matter which side of the coin comes up.
What color is your geopolitical parachute? Read “Black swans, gray rhinos, and silver linings: Anticipating geopolitical risks (and openings),” by Andrew Grant, Ziad Haider, and Anke Raufuss.The Waffle House way? Yes, it’s hash browns “scattered, smothered, and covered.” But it’s also about how the casual restaurant chain identifies star performers operating at the middle of the management hierarchy—and rewards them handsomely while keeping them in their jobs. This philosophy represents a modern, destigmatized view of middle management, one that recognizes that promoting people is good, but always moving them “up” can be bad for them and for business.
Pass the syrup, please. Read “Middle managers are the heart of your company,” one of our most thought-provoking articles from 2023, by Emily Field, Bryan Hancock, and Bill Schaninger.Toyota. Disney. LVMH. What do these companies have in common, aside from their market dominance? Each has honed, over decades of superior leadership, a unique superpower—a custom fuel that has propelled them out of clogged markets and into the rarefied air of superior performance.
Fill your company’s tank with “What’s your superpower? How companies can build an institutional capability to achieve competitive advantage,” a standout 2023 article by Homayoun Hatami, Brad Mendelson, Michael Park, Liz Hilton Segel, and Rodney Zemmel.Soft landing, hard landing, or a go-around? It’s still anybody’s guess. As CEOs model macroeconomic scenarios, they might want to keep an eye on the longer term. Over the past two decades, assets on the global balance sheet grew much faster than GDP—the real economy. Will this growth continue? There’s a broad range of economic scenarios that could play out between now and 2030. So it makes sense for leaders in any kind of business to lay the groundwork for a potentially different future and to craft a strategy for operating under uncertainty.
Get the deets on “Why the path of global wealth and growth matters for strategy,” by Michael Birshan, Jan Mischke, and Olivia White.We hope you find these ideas inspiring and helpful. See you after Davos with four more McKinsey ideas for the CEO and others in the C-suite.
Share these insights
This email contains information about McKinsey’s research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this email because you subscribed to The CEO Shortlist newsletter.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "McKinsey CEO Shortlist" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 04:24 - 12 Jan 2024 -
Decarbonizing the built environment is a big undertaking. What actions could help?
On Point
Our analysis of potential solutions Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
•
Buildings, houses, and heat. Roughly a quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions come from real estate and infrastructure. Decarbonizing the built environment is possible and has the potential to generate significant value, McKinsey partner Brodie Boland and coauthors explain. Space- and water-heating emissions, which are responsible for about three-quarters of operational emissions for residential buildings, are an excellent target for decarbonization. Read the full report, Building value by decarbonizing the built environment, to see 22 actions that could potentially reduce overall emissions from the built environment by up to 75%.
— Edited by Vanessa Burke, editor, Atlanta
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this newsletter because you subscribed to the Only McKinsey newsletter, formerly called On Point.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "Only McKinsey" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:24 - 12 Jan 2024 -
Netflix: What Happens When You Press Play - Part 2
Netflix: What Happens When You Press Play - Part 2
Remember how we said a CDN has computers distributed all over the world? Netflix developed its own computer system for video storage. Netflix calls them Open Connect Appliances or OCAs. Here’s what an early OCA installation in a site looked like: There are many OCAs in the above picture. OCAs are grouped into clusters of multiple servers. Forwarded this email? Subscribe here for moreLatest articles
If you’re not a subscriber, here’s what you missed this month.
To receive all the full articles and support ByteByteGo, consider subscribing:
Welcome back! This is Part 2 of "Netflix: What Happens When You Press Play?” by guest author, Todd Hoff.
For those interested in a deeper dive into other subjects of the book Explain the Cloud Like I’m 10, check it out here.
Remember how we said a CDN has computers distributed all over the world?
Netflix developed its own computer system for video storage. Netflix calls them Open Connect Appliances or OCAs.
Here’s what an early OCA installation in a site looked like:
There are many OCAs in the above picture. OCAs are grouped into clusters of multiple servers.
Each OCA is a fast server, highly optimized for delivering large files, with lots and lots of hard disks or flash drives for storing video.
Here’s what one of the OCA servers looks like:
There are several different kinds of OCAs for other purposes. There are large OCAs that can store Netflix’s entire video catalog. Some smaller OCAs can store only a portion of Netflix’s video catalog. Smaller OCAs are filled with video daily, during off-peak hours, using a process that Netflix calls proactive caching. We’ll talk more about how proactive caching works later.
From a hardware perspective, there’s nothing special about OCAs. They’re based on commodity PC components and assembled in custom cases by various suppliers. You could buy the same computers if you wanted to.
Notice how all of Netflix’s computers are red? Netflix had their computers specially made to match their logo color.
From a software perspective, OCAs use the FreeBSD operating system and NGINX for the web server. Yes, every OCA has a web server. Video streams using NGINX. If none of these names make sense, don’t worry, I just include them for completeness.
The number of OCAs on a site depends on how reliable Netflix wants the site to be, the amount of Netflix traffic (bandwidth) that is delivered from that site, and the percentage of traffic a site allows to be streamed.
When you press play, you’re watching video streaming from a specific OCA, like the one above, in a location near you.
For the best possible video viewing experience, what Netflix would like to do is cache video in your house. But that’s not practical yet. The next best thing is to put a mini-Netflix as close to your home as possible. How do they do that?
Where does Netflix put Open Connect Appliances (OCAs)?
Netflix delivers vast amounts of video traffic from thousands of servers in more than 1,000 locations worldwide. Take a look at this map of video serving locations:
Other video services, like YouTube and Amazon, deliver video on their own backbone network. These companies built their own global network for delivering video to users. That’s very complicated and very expensive to do.
Netflix took a completely different approach to build its CDN.
Netflix doesn’t operate its network; it doesn’t operate its own data centers anymore. Instead, internet service providers (ISPs) agree to put OCAs in their data centers. OCAs are offered free to ISPs to embed in their networks. Netflix also puts OCAs in or close to internet exchange locations (IXPs).
Using this strategy, Netflix doesn’t need to operate its own data centers, yet it gets all the benefits of being in a regular datacenter. It’s just someone else’s datacenter. Genius!
Those last two paragraphs were dense, so let’s break it down.
Using ISPs to build a CDN.
An ISP is your internet provider. It’s where you get your internet service from. It might be Verizon, Comcast, or thousands of other services.
The main point here is that ISPs are located all around the world, and they’re close to customers. By placing OCAs in ISP data centers, Netflix is also worldwide and close to its customers.
Using IXPs to build a CDN.
An internet exchange location is a datacenter where ISPs and CDNs exchange internet traffic between their networks. It’s like going to a party to exchange Christmas presents with your friends. It’s easier to exchange gifts if everyone is in one place. It’s easier to exchange network traffic if everyone is in one place.
IXPs are located all over the world:
Keep reading with a 7-day free trial
Subscribe to ByteByteGo Newsletter to keep reading this post and get 7 days of free access to the full post archives.
A subscription gets you:
An extra deep dive on Thursdays Full archive Many expense it with team's learning budget Like Comment Restack © 2024 ByteByteGo
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA 94104
Unsubscribe
by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:37 - 11 Jan 2024 -
[Online workshop] Maximising Observability with New Relic Logs
New Relic
Register for this free online workshop on 25th January at 10 am GMT/ 11 am CET to get a comprehensive introduction to understanding and working with logs in New Relic. Explore the different ways to bring your log data to New Relic, work with the fast and easy-to-use UI, and learn how to parse, filter, or drop logs to match your needs.
We will also be showcasing our newest release ‘Logs Live Archives’. The workshop will demo how to manage compliance risks and comply with regulatory requirements while showcasing the way you handle long-term log storage and analysis, streamlining the process into a few simple steps.
With hands-on labs in a sandbox environment, you’ll get to:
- Search log data with ease and speed.
- Work with partitions and AI log patterns.
- Logs live Archives demo
- Use logs to troubleshoot errors in applications and trace data.
- Create charts and dashboards to share with teams.
- Set up alert conditions for problems you want to prevent.
Register now Need help? Let's get in touch.
This email is sent from an account used for sending messages only. Please do not reply to this email to contact us—we will not get your response.
This email was sent to info@learn.odoo.com Update your email preferences.
For information about our privacy practices, see our Privacy Policy.
Need to contact New Relic? You can chat or call us at +44 20 3859 9190.
Strand Bridge House, 138-142 Strand, London WC2R 1HH
© 2024 New Relic, Inc. All rights reserved. New Relic logo are trademarks of New Relic, Inc
by "New Relic" <emeamarketing@newrelic.com> - 06:10 - 11 Jan 2024 -
Banking is at an inflection point
Only McKinsey
A new bottom line for banks Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
•
Bracing for change. The business climate for financial institutions is showing signs of improvement. Yet to sustain better times, the sector now has to manage a “great banking transition” that could transform the industry by reordering its approach to balance sheets, transactions, and distribution, explain McKinsey senior partner Asheet Mehta and colleagues. Explore our full report, Global Banking Annual Review 2023: The Great Banking Transition, to see five priorities for financial institutions to reinvent and future-proof themselves.
—Edited by Max Berley, senior editor, Washington, DC
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this newsletter because you subscribed to the Only McKinsey newsletter, formerly called On Point.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "Only McKinsey" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:25 - 11 Jan 2024 -
We speak with hundreds of CEOs each year. Here’s what they’re focusing on in 2024.
Only McKinsey
Eight priorities for executives Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
Happy New Year from Only McKinsey, the newsletter previously called On Point. We’re grateful to be back in your inbox kicking off 2024 with a renewed commitment to deliver prescient business insights on news of the day—as only McKinsey can.
•
Eight CEO priorities. Stubborn inflation and busted supply chains are just some of the challenges making the CEO job tougher, state Homayoun Hatami, McKinsey’s managing partner for global client capabilities, and Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner of global industry practices. Talks with hundreds of CEOs reveal the top issues leaders are grappling with, including gen AI. Explore eight CEO priorities for 2024, and read CEO Excellence: The Six Mindsets That Distinguish the Best Leaders from the Rest to learn what makes a CEO great.
—Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this newsletter because you subscribed to the Only McKinsey newsletter, formerly called On Point.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "Only McKinsey" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:12 - 10 Jan 2024 -
How Discord Serves 15-Million Users on One Server
How Discord Serves 15-Million Users on One Server
Measuring GenAI Code’s Impact: Free Workshop (Sponsored) How is GenAI impacting software development? Join LinearB and ThoughtWorks’ Global Lead for AI Software Delivery to explore the metrics showing AI’s impact, unpack best practices for leveraging AI in software development, and measure the ROI of your own GenAI initiative. Forwarded this email? Subscribe here for moreMeasuring GenAI Code’s Impact: Free Workshop (Sponsored)
How is GenAI impacting software development?
Join LinearB and ThoughtWorks’ Global Lead for AI Software Delivery to explore the metrics showing AI’s impact, unpack best practices for leveraging AI in software development, and measure the ROI of your own GenAI initiative.
This workshop includes:
📊Data insights from LinearB’s new GenAI Impact Report
🗣️Case studies into how others are already doing it
🔎Impact Measures: adoption, benefits & risk metrics
✅Live demo: How you can measure the impact of your GenAI initiative today
Join the conversation on January 25th or 30th.
In early summer 2022, the Discord operations team noticed unusually high activity on their dashboards. They thought it was a bot attack, but it was legitimate traffic from MidJourney - a new, fast-growing community for generating AI images from text prompts.
To use MidJourney, you need a Discord account. Most MidJourney users join one main Discord server. This server grew so quickly that it soon hit Discord’s old limit of around 1 million users per server.
Discord risked losing this important new community if they didn’t act fast.
This is the story of how the Discord team creatively solved this challenge. They found ways to dramatically expand what their infrastructure could handle - keeping the thriving MidJourney community active on Discord.
What is Discord?
Discord is a popular chat app used by hundreds of millions to connect. Originally for gamers, now all types of communities use it - from hiking clubs to study groups to large gaming communities.
In Discord, a "server" hosts a community. It has chat channels to discuss topics chosen by the server owner.
Internally, Discord calls these servers "guilds" - so we'll use that term going forward.
Largest Discord Guilds (image source: Discord) Before MidJourney, the biggest guilds had around 1 million members - huge gaming communities like Roblox and Fortnite.
The Discord engineering team thought 1 million members was very close to the maximum a guild could handle. Let's explore why - but first, some quick background on the technologies powering Discord.
Introduction to BEAM and Elixir
Discord’s real-time messaging backend is built with Elixir. Elixir runs on the BEAM virtual machine. BEAM was created for Erlang - a language optimized for large real-time systems requiring rock-solid reliability and uptime.
A key capability BEAM provides is extremely lightweight parallel processes. This enables a single server to efficiently run tens or hundreds of thousands of processes concurrently.
Elixir brings friendlier, Ruby-inspired syntax to the battle-tested foundation of BEAM. Combined they make it much easier to program massively scalable, fault-tolerant systems.
Code snippets comparing Erlang and Elixir syntax (image source: elixirforum) So by leveraging BEAM's lightweight processes, the Elixir code powering Discord can "fan out" messages to hundreds of thousands of users around the world concurrently. However, limits emerge as communities grow larger.
Discord’s Real-time Infrastructure
As mentioned, Discord handles all real-time communication using Elixir processes on the highly concurrent BEAM virtual machine.
The path of a message through Discord’s real-time infra to other users and bots in a guild (Source: Discord eng blog) Internally, each Discord community is called a “guild”. A dedicated Elixir “guild process” handles coordination and routing for each guild. This tracks all connected users to the guild.
Every online user has a separate Elixir "session process”. When the guild process gets a new message, event, or update, it fans out this information to the relevant session processes. These session processes then push the update over WebSocket to the Discord clients.
This architecture provides a cost-effective way to handle millions of active guilds across a large pool of Linux servers in Discord's cloud infrastructure.
However, scaling limits emerge as guilds grow larger. Distributing messages and events to more users creates exponentially more work. Larger guilds also have more activity to distribute.
So the guild process load grows much faster as its number of users increases. BEAM helps tremendously, but there's only so much one BEAM process can handle.
This is why Discord thought breaking 1 million concurrent users per guild would be very difficult.
Latest articles
If you’re not a paid subscriber, here’s what you missed this month.
To receive all the full articles and support ByteByteGo, consider subscribing:
MaxJourney
With that background established, let’s return to the main story. Facing a scaling crisis from Midjourney's runaway growth, Discord formed a small team of senior engineers to dig into the problems. This team was called MaxJourney.
Here’s what they accomplished.
Detailed Performance Profiling
Understanding where systems spend time and memory is critical before improving them. The team used various profiling techniques to analyze guild process performance.
The simplest was sampling stack traces to reveal expensive operations. This quickly highlights issues without much effort. However, richer data was needed.
So they instrumented the event loop to record metrics on each message type. This included frequency, min/max/average processing times. This analysis revealed the costliest operations to optimize. Cheap ones could be ignored.
Memory usage was also examined, since it impacts hardware needs and garbage collection throughput.
To estimate sizes of large data structures reasonably quickly, a helper library was built to sample maps and lists. It avoids fully traversing all elements.
This sampling revealed memory-intensive fields to refactor.
Armed with visibility into these time and memory hotspots, the team could now systematically target optimizations to rewrite inefficient code.
Passive Sessions - Avoiding Unnecessary Work
The team's first optimization was reducing unnecessary work. They realized the client app did not always need every update for guilds that users were not actively viewing in the app's foreground.
So they implemented "passive" connections for those guilds. Passive connections skip processing and data transmission until the user opens the guild.
Over 90% of the user-guild connections became passive for large servers. This cut required work by 90%, greatly reducing load.
However, MidJourney kept growing. So this alone was not enough.
Optimizing Relays - Distributing Fanout Across Machines
Relays already existed to split fanout work across BEAM processes for scaling. Relays are only enabled for large guilds, where they maintain session connections on behalf of the guild.
Each relay handles fanout and permissions for up to 15,000 users. This allowed leverage more BEAM processes to serve large guilds.
Originally, relays duplicated full member lists. It was simple to implement, but for massive guilds with millions of members, dozens of copied lists wasted huge amount of RAM.
Also, creating relays stalled massive guilds for seconds while serializing and transmitting member data.
So the team optimized relays to track just the tiny subset of members needed per relay.
Keeping Servers Responsive
In addition to overall throughput, ensuring low latency was critical. So the team analyzed operations with high per-call duration, beyond just total time.
Worker Processes and ETS
Key culprits were member iterations taking seconds, blocking guilds. The solution was worker processes to offload these. Workers leverage ETS, an in-memory database for fast inter-BEAM-process data sharing.
Members were stored in ETS, with recent changes in the guild's heap. This hybrid model kept the guild's memory small.
For slow tasks, workers are spawned to run them asynchronously using the shared ETS data, freeing the guild to continue handling messages.
An example slow task is handling guild migration between machines. Copying state from the old guild process to the new process normally stalls the old one for minutes. But offloading this to a worker avoids blocking the old guild process from handling incoming messages.
Manifold Offload
Another idea was offloading fanout from guilds to separate "sender" processes, further reducing guild workload and insulating the guild processes from network backpressure.
However, this unexpectedly tanked performance due to pathological garbage collection. Analysis showed it was triggered by freeing small memory outside the heap.
Tuning the virtual binary heap size fixed this. Now offload could be enabled, significantly improving throughput.
Latest MidJourney Member Count - 18 Million! (Image source: Discord servers - home) Through systematic optimization, the MaxJourney team achieved the seemingly impossible - expanding guild capacity 15x to keep MidJourney thriving on Discord.
References
[1] Maxjourney: Pushing Discord’s Limits with a Million+ Online Users in a Single Server
Using Rust to Scale Elixir for 11 Million Concurrent Users
[2] How Discord Scaled Elixir to 5,000,000 Concurrent Users
[3] Discord Developer Portal — Documentation — Guild
[4] GitHub - discord/manifold: Fast batch message passing between nodes for Erlang/Elixir.
[5] BEAM (Erlang virtual machine) - Wikipedia
Like Comment Restack © 2024 ByteByteGo
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA 94104
Unsubscribe
by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:38 - 9 Jan 2024 -
Meet the partners attending Davos 2024
Countdown to Davos: 6 days Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
New from McKinsey & Company
The World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos kicks off next week, and as a strategic partner to WEF, the 2024 McKinsey delegation will join other world leaders from government, business, and civil society to discuss global issues and set priorities for the year ahead. Meet some of the McKinsey leaders attending Davos and dive into their recent insights, which address topics such as digital and AI transformations, CEO priorities for 2024, the world economy, and more. And for more on Davos, don’t miss this video on what Andres Cadena, Acha Leke, Kate Smaje, and Sven Smit expect at this year’s meeting.
Kate Smaje
Kate Smaje is a senior partner in the London office. She works with clients to deploy the power of data, digital culture and capabilities, and modernized core technology. Kate has been a core leader of our consumer work for many years, helping leading retailers and consumer-facing companies capture opportunities afforded by new growth platforms, rethink consumer-engagement models, and improve organizational performance. She also has firsthand experience as a chief technology officer across core technology, digital product management and innovation, and cybersecurity work, and is a co-author of Rewired: The McKinsey Guide to Outcompeting in the Age of Digital and AI.
Featured article: What really works when it comes to digital and AI transformations?
To see more essential reading on topics that matter, visit McKinsey Themes.
— Edited by Joyce Yoo, editor, New York
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this email because you subscribed to our McKinsey Global Institute alert list.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "McKinsey & Company" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 10:23 - 9 Jan 2024 -
Join our exclusive webinar on paying globally distributed contractors with Remote 💥
Join our exclusive webinar on paying globally distributed contractors with Remote 💥
Discover how Remote empowers businesses like yoursHi there,
In today's fast-paced business world, managing payments can be a pain, especially when dealing with international contractors.
That's why I'm excited to share that we are hosting a webinar on “How to pay globally distributed contractors with Remote” on the 17th of January 2024 at 11:00 AM UTC.
What’s exciting about this webinar? 😉
We'll dive into the world of contractor invoices and payments and discover how Remote empowers businesses like yours to:
💰 Pay contractors in their preferred currency, boosting satisfaction and loyalty
🙅 Eliminate the hassles of currency conversion and cross-border payments
👌 Experience the ease of Remote's intuitive platform, designed for seamless contractor management
Register now and save your spot today!Can’t make the date?
Register for the webinar and we’ll send you the session recording after the event.
Should you have any questions or need additional details, please let us know by emailing us back, and we would be happy to respond.
See you there!
Grow your headcount
without the headaches.
You received this email because you are subscribed to Conferences & Events from Remote Europe Holding B.V
Update your email preferences to choose the types of emails you receive.
Unsubscribe from all future emailsRemote Europe Holding B.V
Copyright © 2024 All rights reserved.
Kraijenhoffstraat 137A 1018RG Amsterdam The Netherlands
by "Remote" <hello@remote-comms.com> - 08:32 - 9 Jan 2024 -
Planning your next trip could get much easier with generative AI
Only McKinsey
The promise of AI in travel Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
Happy New Year from Only McKinsey, the newsletter previously called On Point. We’re grateful to be back in your inbox kicking off 2024 with a renewed commitment to deliver prescient business insights on news of the day—as only McKinsey can.
•
More magic in travel. Gen AI could transform the customer journey in travel, McKinsey partners Alex Cosmas and Vik Krishnan share on an episode of The McKinsey Podcast. When planning trips, “gen AI significantly eases the process of travel discovery,” explains Krishnan. AI also promises to enhance personalization and empower frontline workers, making travel more magical, Cosmas suggests. Hotel agents who say “welcome back” and “happy birthday” can surprise and delight guests. Discover how AI is poised to disrupt the travel industry.
—Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this newsletter because you subscribed to the Only McKinsey newsletter, formerly called On Point.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "Only McKinsey" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:42 - 9 Jan 2024 -
Has your organization set priorities for this year? A leader’s guide
First things first Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
Many of us make personal New Year’s resolutions that we may not always keep. Organizations, however, don’t have the luxury of letting their objectives slip. Despite the geopolitical upheavals of 2023—the top concern among respondents to our latest McKinsey Global Survey—and the continuing threat of instability this year, leaders still need to establish business priorities, performance milestones, and anticipated outcomes for the months ahead. While unexpected shocks can scuttle even the most airtight of plans, some trends and developments stand out as essential for organizations to consider in 2024.
CEOs already have a lot on their plate—and this year will likely deliver more than its share of challenges and disruptions. “It’s the most difficult operating environment we can remember,” observe McKinsey senior partners Homayoun Hatami and Liz Hilton Segel in an article on CEO priorities in 2024. Based on numerous conversations with heads of companies, Hatami and Segel discuss eight priorities that may top leaders’ agendas this year. Growth is always a priority, but there are many ways to get there: through increased market share, implementing advanced technologies, or bumping up sales productivity, to name just a few. Leaders may also want to consider programmatic M&A: our research shows that companies that regularly pursue small deals perform better than do their industry peers using other M&A strategies.
That’s the percentage increase in postings for generative AI jobs between 2021 and 2022—a striking contrast to the 13 percent decline in overall job postings during that time. Demand is also rising for talent in other high-tech fields, such as Web3 and next-generation software development, for which job postings surged 40 percent and 29 percent, respectively. For other big, surprising, or noteworthy numbers from last year, check out “2023: The year in charts,” a compilation of our favorites from our Chart of the Day series.
That’s one consumer’s response to our latest ConsumerWise survey of US shoppers. Consumer sentiment held relatively steady in 2023, but Americans are increasingly cautious about the economic outlook and are keeping an eye on their spending. Mixed feelings also prevail in the five European countries we surveyed, with optimism tempered by concerns about inflation, climate change, and geopolitical upheavals. In both the US and Europe, most shoppers expect to spend mainly on essentials and trade down to cheaper products where possible.
Business leaders may mistakenly believe that “entrepreneurs are risk-takers or risk seekers,” says author and investor Ron Shaich in an interview with McKinsey. “We’re not. I’m not. I’m a risk-averse guy. What I do is I see opportunities.” As the founder and former chairman of Panera Bread and Au Bon Pain, Shaich seized every opportunity that came his way to innovate and transform the companies he led. His “contrarian” view of the world helped him differentiate his organizations from those of his competitors, he says. “If you do what everyone else is doing, you will get your market share, but you will not do anything better.” Transforming a business to achieve differentiation means figuring out what’s going to matter in the future—and then doing it. “The key to most everything is, first, tell yourself the truth, where you really stand, what the competitive marketplace is. Second, based on that, know what matters. Third, get done what matters.”
Paying attention to their own well-being may be a New Year’s resolution that leaders need to make—and keep. The pandemic brought home the heavy costs of worker burnout, and the stress on managers in particular continues to increase. While some high-achieving leaders may disparage self-care as frivolous, a healthy diet and fitness regimen, along with emotional self-regulation, can improve productivity, creativity, and the ability to make good decisions. Leaders may need to be cautious about discussing their own self-care routines with employees, however: alluding to your expensive workout equipment or flexible work schedule could alienate people who may not have access to those things. Instead, offering empathy, compassion, and practical assistance may be more effective.
Lead by prioritizing what matters most.
— Edited by Rama Ramaswami, senior editor, New York
Share these insights
Did you enjoy this newsletter? Forward it to colleagues and friends so they can subscribe too. Was this issue forwarded to you? Sign up for it and sample our 40+ other free email subscriptions here.
This email contains information about McKinsey’s research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this email because you subscribed to the Leading Off newsletter.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "McKinsey Leading Off" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 04:47 - 8 Jan 2024 -
Middle managers don’t always want to be promoted. How should leaders reward them?
Only McKinsey
Rethink the middle manager role Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
Happy New Year from Only McKinsey, the newsletter previously called On Point. We’re grateful to be back in your inbox kicking off 2024 with a renewed commitment to deliver prescient business insights on news of the day—as only McKinsey can.
•
Battling bureaucracy. Squeezed between executives and frontline workers, middle managers are a critical yet often neglected group. “We’ve layered so many responsibilities onto them,” asserts McKinsey partner Emily Field, who along with partner Bryan Hancock and senior partner emeritus Bill Schaninger wrote Power to the Middle: Why Managers Hold the Keys to the Future of Work. As a result, managers have little time to develop talent. See the latest McKinsey Quarterly Five Fifty for what companies can do to help mend the middle-manager role.
—Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this newsletter because you subscribed to the Only McKinsey newsletter, formerly called On Point.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "Only McKinsey" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 11:07 - 7 Jan 2024 -
EP93: Is Passkey Shaping a Passwordless Future?
EP93: Is Passkey Shaping a Passwordless Future?
This week’s system design refresher: Top 9 Most Popular Types of API Testing (Youtube video) Is Passkey Shaping a Passwordless Future? How can Cache Systems go wrong? Big Endian vs Little Endian How do we incorporate Event Sourcing into the systems? Forwarded this email? Subscribe here for moreThis week’s system design refresher:
Top 9 Most Popular Types of API Testing (Youtube video)
Is Passkey Shaping a Passwordless Future?
How can Cache Systems go wrong?
Big Endian vs Little Endian
How do we incorporate Event Sourcing into the systems?
Implement passkey authentication in minutes (Sponsored)
Join TikTok, Uber, Amazon, and other leading tech companies by giving your users a faster and more secure sign-in experience with passkeys. Building an in-house auth solution takes months and is a challenge to roll out to users. But there’s a better way. Passage by 1Password is a cross-platform, ready-to-ship auth solution for passkeys. ByteByteGo readers get an exclusive six-month free trial – just use the code ‘BYTEBYTEGO6MO’ once you sign up in the console.
Top 9 Most Popular Types of API Testing
Is Passkey Shaping a Passwordless Future?
Google announced PassKey support for both Android and Chrome recently.
Passkeys, also backed by Apple and Microsoft, is claimed to be a significantly safer replacement for passwords.
The diagram below shows how PassKeys work.
Step 1 - create PassKeys
The end-user needs to confirm the account information and present their credentials (face ID, touch ID, etc.).
A private key is generated based on the public key provided by the website. The private key is stored on the device.
Step 2 - sign in with PassKeys on devices
When the user tries to sign in to a website, they use the generated private key. Just select the account information and present the credentials to unlock the private key.
Consequently, there is no risk of password leakage since no passwords are stored in the websites' databases.
Passkeys are built on industry standards, and it works across different platforms and browsers - including Windows, macOS and iOS, and ChromeOS, with a uniform user experience.
How can Cache Systems go wrong?
The diagram below shows 4 typical cases where caches can go wrong and their solutions.
Thunder herd problem
This happens when a large number of keys in the cache expire at the same time. Then the query requests directly hit the database, which overloads the database.
There are two ways to mitigate this issue: one is to avoid setting the same expiry time for the keys, adding a random number in the configuration; the other is to allow only the core business data to hit the database and prevent non-core data to access the database until the cache is back up.Cache penetration
This happens when the key doesn’t exist in the cache or the database. The application cannot retrieve relevant data from the database to update the cache. This problem creates a lot of pressure on both the cache and the database.
To solve this, there are two suggestions. One is to cache a null value for non-existent keys, avoiding hitting the database. The other is to use a bloom filter to check the key existence first, and if the key doesn’t exist, we can avoid hitting the database.Cache breakdown
This is similar to the thunder herd problem. It happens when a hot key expires. A large number of requests hit the database.
Since the hot keys take up 80% of the queries, we do not set an expiration time for them.Cache crash
This happens when the cache is down and all the requests go to the database.
There are two ways to solve this problem. One is to set up a circuit breaker, and when the cache is down, the application services cannot visit the cache or the database. The other is to set up a cluster for the cache to improve cache availability.
Over to you: Have you met any of these issues in production?
Latest articles
If you’re not a paid subscriber, here’s what you missed this month.
To receive all the full articles and support ByteByteGo, consider subscribing:
Big Endian vs Little Endian
Microprocessor architectures commonly use two different methods to store the individual bytes in memory. This difference is referred to as “byte ordering” or “endian nature”.
Little Endian
Intel x86 processors store a two-byte integer with the least significant byte first, followed by the most significant byte. This is called little-endian byte ordering.Big Endian
In big endian byte order, the most significant byte is stored at the lowest memory address, and the least significant byte is stored at the highest memory address. Older PowerPC and Motorola 68k architectures, often use big endian. In network communications and file storage, we also use big endian.
The byte ordering becomes significant when data is transferred between systems or processed by systems with different endianness. It's important to handle byte order correctly to interpret data consistently across diverse systems.
How do we incorporate Event Sourcing into the systems?
Event sourcing changes the programming paradigm from persisting states to persisting events. The event store is the source of truth. Let's look at three examples.
New York Times
The newspaper website stores every article, image, and byline since 1851 in an event store. The raw data is then denormalized into different views and fed into different ElasticSearch nodes for website searches.CDC (Change Data Capture)
A CDC connector pulls data from the tables and transforms it into events. These events are pushed to Kafka and other sinks consume events from Kafka.Microservice Connector
We can also use event event-sourcing paradigm for transmitting events among microservices. For example, the shopping cart service generates various events for adding or removing items from the cart. Kafka broker acts as the event store, and other services including the fraud service, billing service, and email service consume events from the event store. Since events are the source of truth, each service can determine the domain model on its own.
Over to you: Have you used event sourcing in production?
Like Comment Restack © 2024 ByteByteGo
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA 94104
Unsubscribe
by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:37 - 6 Jan 2024 -
Eight priorities for CEOs in 2024
Plus, the link between diversity and holistic impact As leaders kick off the new year, which issues will top their agendas? In our featured story this month, Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities, and Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, present eight priorities for CEOs in 2024, which include generative AI, outcompeting with technology, the energy transition, geopolitical resilience, and more. Dive into all eight to gain clarity on the big issues in the year ahead, and check out the other highlights in this month’s issue, which include the following topics:
Diversity matters even more: The case for holistic impact
Despite a rapidly changing business landscape, the business case for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) not only holds, but grows even stronger. In our research, we continue to explore the link between diversity and holistic impact.
Download the full reportCarbon removals: How to scale a new gigaton industry
CO2 removal (CDR) capacity is far from the gigaton scale needed to round out businesses’ net-zero efforts by 2050. We explore a mature CDR market’s potential and possible first-mover advantages.
Understand the stakesHuman-centered AI: The power of putting people first
A people-focused approach to AI can transform jobs for the better—and improve performance, too.
Rethink rolesNew-business building: A winning strategy in uncertain times
History has shown that building new businesses amid economic volatility is an offensive play that tends to reward companies with higher revenue growth and earnings compared with peers that retrench.
Jump inCapturing the full value of generative AI in banking
Setting up generative AI pilots is easy; scaling them to capture material value is hard. A recipe for success is emerging.
Follow a planImpacts of climate change on Black populations in the United States
Explore how extreme weather can put the prospect of Black livelihood, well-being, and socioeconomic mobility at greater risk.
Adapt and build resilienceWhat is the C-suite?
Understand the most common leadership roles and how they work together in our McKinsey Explainers collection.
Learn moreMcKinsey Themes
Browse our essential reading on the topics that matter.
Get up to speedMcKinsey on Books
Explore this month’s best-selling business books prepared exclusively for McKinsey Publishing by Circana.
See the listsMcKinsey Chart of the Day
See our daily chart that helps explain a changing world—as we strive for sustainable, inclusive growth.
Dive inMcKinsey Classics
What customers want and what businesses think they want are often two different things. Read our 2017 classic “What shoppers really want from personalized marketing” to learn more.
RewindLeading Off
Our Leading Off newsletter features revealing research and inspiring interviews to empower you—and those you lead.
Subscribe now— Edited by Eleni Kostopoulos, managing editor, New York
Share these insights
Did you enjoy this newsletter? Forward it to colleagues and friends so they can subscribe too. Was this issue forwarded to you? Sign up for it and sample our 40+ other free email subscriptions here.
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this email because you are a registered member of our Monthly Highlights newsletter.
Copyright © 2024 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "McKinsey Highlights" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 11:33 - 6 Jan 2024