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Investing in employees makes for better workers—and better companies
Five Fifty
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Investing in workers is good for organizations—to the tune of $1 billion in economic profit for those that focus on both performance and people, say the McKinsey Global Institute’s Sven Smit, Olivia White, Jonathan Woetzel, and coauthors.
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by "McKinsey Quarterly Five Fifty" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 10:10 - 20 Sep 2023 -
Successful transformations can help companies generate value, even in times of uncertainty
On Point
by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 12:05 - 20 Sep 2023 -
The United Nations General Assembly highlights global solidarity, sustainability
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Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
New from McKinsey & Company
Global leaders will gather this week at the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) to explore a full spectrum of pressing world issues, including economic instability, widening inequality, climate change, an ongoing war, and a lingering pandemic. The theme for this year’s General Debate is “Rebuilding trust and reigniting global solidarity: Accelerating action on the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals towards peace, prosperity, progress and sustainability for all.” Learn about the McKinsey Health Institute’s part in this year’s UNGA, and check out this McKinsey Global Institute report from Anu Madgavkar, Mekala Krishnan, Jonathan Woetzel, Kweilin Ellingrud, Tracy Francis, and coauthors to understand how growth can contribute to higher living standards and a greener world. Then dive into other insights that shine a light on today’s most complex global issues as the UNGA kicks off.
MORE FROM MCKINSEY
To see more essential reading on topics that matter, visit McKinsey Themes.
— Edited by Emily Adeyanju, editor, Charlotte
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by "McKinsey & Company" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 02:42 - 19 Sep 2023 -
[Online Workshop] Maximising Performance and Efficiency: Integrated APM and Infrastructure Monitoring Strategies
New Relic
Register for this online workshop on 28th September at 10 AM BST / 11 AM CEST to get a comprehensive introduction into how APM and Infrastructure Monitoring can be powerful tools for extracting valuable insights from your application and system data.
This webinar will delve into the integration of APM and Infrastructure Monitoring data to enhance operational visibility, mitigate risks, and achieve strategic business goals.
In this webinar, you will learn how to:-
Use the new UI components in APM and Infrastructure to locate issues, troubleshoot more quickly, and understand or uncover observability gaps.
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Understand the UI bridges between APM and Infrastructure that connect performance in your environments
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Correlate Infrastructure and application performance and utilisation metrics side by side
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Easily view overall system health and deployments
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Innovative organizations are ahead with generative AI. What can we learn from them?
On Point
Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
•
More AI jobs, better managed. Well-run companies are likelier to have posted a higher number of AI-related jobs, a recent study of hundreds of large, publicly held US companies has found. In every category, including customer satisfaction, employee engagement and development, financial strength, innovation, and social responsibility, companies that seek to build a deep bench of talent in AI are outperforming their peers. That makes sense, because effective organizations are able to anticipate future needs, a research director posits. [WSJ]
•
Generating value. Gen AI has captivated the business world. Yet most organizations struggle to reap the full benefits of their digital investments. Gen AI could play out similarly if leaders deploy it without priming their organizations, McKinsey senior partner Ben Fletcher and coauthors explain. There’s a startlingly strong connection between companies with strong innovative cultures and operating models and their ability to increase value through the newest digital technologies, a 2023 McKinsey Global Survey found.
— Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta
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by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 12:12 - 19 Sep 2023 -
Automated Maintenance Tracking System for Vehicles Operating into the Trucking Industry
Automated Maintenance Tracking System for Vehicles Operating into the Trucking Industry
Platform | Usecase
Challenges
Managing maintenance schedules manually are time-consuming for fleet managers.
Missing fleet maintenance leads to costly breakdowns.
Managing inspections and documentation manually causes error.
Solutions
Flexible maintenance schedules in the software for specific fleet needs.
Reminders based on mileage, or engine hours for key maintenance tasks.
Notifications via email and SMS to keep managers informed.
Results
%201-1.png)
Reduce downtime by 30%
Reduce compliance-related incidents by 25%
Uffizio Technologies Pvt. Ltd., 4th Floor, Metropolis, Opp. S.T Workshop, Valsad, Gujarat, 396001, India
by "Sunny Thakur" <sunny.thakur@uffizio.com> - 08:00 - 18 Sep 2023 -
Workforce mental health: A leader’s guide
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Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
The COVID-19 pandemic brought workforce behavioral health (mental health and substance use) into the spotlight for employers—and some leading companies responded with positive actions. But much more remains to be done. Even before the pandemic, employee stress and burnout were resulting in absenteeism, diminished productivity, and rising healthcare costs. Today, workers are asking for more behavioral-health services even as employers struggle to provide them. And while some leaders think they’re doing a good job of supporting mental health, employees don’t agree. Here’s a look at some of the issues to consider.
Employers have a big role to play in improving the mental health of tomorrow’s workforce—and currently, that workforce may be in crisis. In a global survey of more than 40,000 respondents, “Gen Z reported a perceived mental health that was much poorer than any other generation,” says McKinsey partner Erica Coe. Overuse of social media, educational interruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic, global unrest, and climate anxiety are among the many factors fueling higher rates of anxiety, depression, and distress in Gen Z than in any other age group. “Worldwide, at least 200 million children and teenagers struggle with a mental health disorder,” notes Harold Koplewicz, founding president and medical director of the Child Mind Institute. Imperatives for employers include early intervention, promoting mental health literacy among youth, and investing in mental health support in the workplace.
That’s from a report by the American Heart Association’s CEO Roundtable, a group of business leaders who promote an organizational culture of health. One reason for the high cost of depression may be employees’ fear of talking about mental health conditions in the workplace because of the associated stigma. Our research shows that many employees with a behavioral-health condition avoid treatment because they don’t want people finding out about their mental illness or substance use disorder. “Taking the right kind of actions can shift the dialogue from stigma to support,” suggest McKinsey experts. “For starters, employers can change the misperception that a behavioral-health condition is a moral failing. These conditions are treatable diseases like other medical conditions.”
“If we’re not taking care of people, then what are we doing?” asks Poppy Jaman, CEO of the global nonprofit group MindForward Alliance, in a discussion with McKinsey. Jaman believes that workplace mental health should be considered a business goal: “We are introducing well-being capital as a business framework,” she says. “When you create an environment of psychological safety and well-being, you create well-being capital, which boosts performance in healthy ways and enhances your bottom line.” Ways for organizations to develop well-being capital include leading with compassion, redesigning jobs to reduce stress, and investing in mental health awareness campaigns. It’s also important for leaders to address “languishing,” notes Jaman. This occurs when people may not feel depressed enough to quit but “lack drive and are just muddling through each day,” she says. “They don’t have ill health, but they also aren’t well.”
Indulging in a full-on digital detox may be considered healthy, but many people may find it unrealistic to switch off completely. Rather, organizations may need to maximize the benefits of screen time while recognizing its negative effects on mental health, particularly in the case of Gen Z workers. For example, while social media can support connection and creativity, it can also be a platform for cyberbullying and hate speech. McKinsey’s Alistair Carmichael suggests that employers and business leaders “use social media as a positive for self-expression, community building, and using corporate social media to be a force for good. This requires listening, being authentic, and trying not to control.”
Lead by supporting mental health.
— Edited by Rama Ramaswami, senior editor, New York
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by "McKinsey Leading Off" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 02:41 - 18 Sep 2023 -
Retaining parents can benefit companies. Here’s how to create more family-friendly organizations.
On Point
Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
•
Comprehensive flexibility. By making work truly flexible, organizations can protect worker autonomy while also safeguarding productivity, research by an organizational psychology professor finds. To start, companies can engage employees to reshape what they do (tailoring jobs to match individual strengths) and how they do it (including where and when people work). Offering workload flexibility—the chance to work full-time, part-time, or share job duties with a coworker—can give people who have difficulty working a traditional 9-to-5 job, such as some parents, employment opportunities. [HBR]
•
Pandemic parenting pains. As employers and employees continue to find their footing postpandemic, many working parents still struggle with childcare challenges. A 2022 survey McKinsey conducted in partnership with a national nonprofit shows that 45% of mothers with young kids who departed the workforce during the pandemic said that childcare was a major reason why they left, reveal McKinsey senior partner Alexis Krivkovich and colleagues. The loss of these parents, many of whom were midtenure workers, also means a loss of valuable functional and institutional knowledge for companies.
— Edited by Gwyn Herbein, editor, Atlanta
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by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 10:06 - 17 Sep 2023 -
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The week in charts
The Week in Charts
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by "McKinsey Week in Charts" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 03:56 - 16 Sep 2023 -
EP77: My Recommended Materials for Cracking Your Next Technical Interview
EP77: My Recommended Materials for Cracking Your Next Technical Interview
Forwarded this email? Subscribe here for moreThis week’s system design refresher:
My recommended materials for cracking your next technical interview
Cheat Sheet for Monitoring Infrastructure in Cloud Services
Top 5 Caching Strategies
Uber Tech Stack
How many message queues do you know?
The 2023 Observability Forecast report is here! (Sponsored)
The third annual Observability Forecast by New Relic is out now! We surveyed 1,700 technology professionals—making it the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind in the observability industry. The survey results show that observability continues to deliver a clear, positive business impact and a 2x median annual return on investment (ROI). Organizations continue to see the business value of observability—and expect to invest more in it.
My recommended materials for cracking your next technical interview
Coding
Leetcode
Cracking the coding interview book
Neetcode
System Design Interview
System Design Interview Book 1, 2 by Alex Xu, Sahn Lam
Grokking the system design by Design Guru
Design Data-intensive Application book
Behavioral interview
Tech Interview Handbook (Github repo)
A Life Engineered (YT)
STAR method (general method)
OOD Interview
Interviewready
OOD by educative
Head First Design Patterns Book
Mock interviews
Interviewingio
Pramp
Meetapro
Apply for Jobs
Linkedin
Monster
Indeed
Over to you: What is your favorite interview prep material?
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A nice cheat sheet of different monitoring infrastructure in cloud services
This cheat sheet offers a concise yet comprehensive comparison of key monitoring elements across the three major cloud providers and open-source / 3rd party tools.
Let's delve into the essential monitoring aspects covered:
Data Collection: Gather information from diverse sources to enhance decision-making.
Data Storage: Safely store and manage data for future analysis and reference.
Data Analysis: Extract valuable insights from data to drive informed actions.
Alerting: Receive real-time notifications about critical events or anomalies.
Visualization: Present data in a visually comprehensible format for better understanding.
Reporting and Compliance: Generate reports and ensure adherence to regulatory standards.
Automation: Streamline processes and tasks through automated workflows.
Integration: Seamlessly connect and exchange data between different systems or tools.
Feedback Loops: Continuously refine strategies based on feedback and performance analysis.
Over to you: How do you prioritize and leverage these essential monitoring aspects in your domain to achieve better outcomes and efficiency?
One picture is worth a thousand words - Top 5 Caching Strategies
When we introduce a cache into the architecture, synchronization between the cache and the database becomes inevitable.
Let’s look at 5 common strategies how we keep the data in sync.
Read Strategies:
Cache aside
Read throughWrite Strategies:
Write around
Write back
Write Through
The caching strategies are often used in combination. For example, write-around is often used together with cache-aside to make sure the cache is up-to-date.
Over to you: What strategies have you used?Uber Tech Stack
This post is based on research from many Uber engineering blogs and open-source projects. If you come across any inaccuracies, please feel free to inform us. The corresponding links are added in the comment section.
Web frontend: Uber builds Fusion.js as a modern React framework to create robust web applications. They also develop visualization.js for geospatial visualization scenarios.
Mobile side: Uber builds the RIB cross-platform with the VIPER architecture instead of MVC. This architecture can work with different languages: Swift for iOS, and Java for Android.
Service mesh: Uber built Uber Gateway as a dynamic configuration on top of NGINX. The service uses gRPC and QUIC for client-server communication and Apache Thrift for API definition.
Service side: Uber built a unified configuration store named Flipr (later changed to UCDP), H3 as a location-index store library. They use Spring Boot for Java-based services, uAct for event-driven architecture, and Cadence for async workflow orchestration.
Database end: the OLTP mainly uses the strongly-consistent DocStore, which employs MySQL and PostgreSQL, along with the RocksDB database engine.
Big data: managed through the Hadoop family. Hudi and Parquet are used as file formats, and Alluxio serves as cache. Time-series data is stored in Pinot and AresDB.
Data processing: Hive, Spark, and the open-source data ingestion framework Marmaray. Messaging and streaming middleware include Apache Kafka and Apache Flink.
DevOps side: Uber utilizes a Monorepo, with a simplified development environment called devpod. Continuous delivery is managed through Netflix Spinnaker, metrics are emitted to uMetric, alarms on uMonitor, and a consistent observability database M3.How many message queues do you know?
Like a post office, a message queue helps computer programs communicate in an organized manner. Imagine little digital envelopes being passed around to keep everything on track. There are a few key features to consider when selecting message queues:
Speed: How fast messages are sent and received
Scalability: Can it grow with more messages
Reliability: Will it make sure messages don’t get lost
Durability: Can it keep messages safe over time
Ease of Use: Is it simple to set up and manage
Ecosystem: Are there helpful tools available
Integration: Can it play nice with other software
Protocol Support: What languages can it speak
Try out a message queue and practice sending and receiving messages until you're comfortable. Choose an easy one like Kafka and experiment with sending and receiving messages. Read books or take online courses as you get more comfortable. Build little projects and learn from those who have already been there. Soon, you'll know everything about message queues.
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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:35 - 16 Sep 2023 -
Become a certified API platform engineer with Tyk
Become a certified API platform engineer with Tyk
Quarterly newsletter with updates and valuable insights into the latest developments at Tyk!
It's that time of year again – back to school season! But don't worry; we're not here to make you endure any roll call or algebraic equations.
Instead, we want to celebrate a different kind of learning: the art and science of API platform engineering.
Introducing the Tyk API platform engineering fundamentals certification! A 7-week programme that will equip you with the skills and knowledge to architect, develop, and deploy cloud-native API platforms.
So, grab your metaphorical backpack and join us for a journey filled with learning, growth, and exciting possibilities. We've also got blogs and upcoming events – something for everyone to explore the processes, people, and API platforms that make platform teams successful.
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API platform engineering fundamentals
Whether you're a seasoned pro or just starting to dabble in the world of APIs, our certification will enable you to upskill your role within the platform team. And the best part? It's not just about theory; it's about practical, real-world knowledge you can apply immediately. The programme starts on 28 September. Get signed up!
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API gateway checklist for platform teams
You've decided your platform team needs an API gateway. Great. Now, the fun begins. We’ve covered everything you need to know to implement your API gateway smoothly and gain maximum benefit. Let us show you how.
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Workers spread all around the globe? No problem! Tyk's platform gives API owners everything they need to collaborate and mature their API operations, no matter how widely dispersed individual developers may be. Read the blog.
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We break down and examine why CI/CD and platform engineering are now crucial to creating a robust software ecosystem and map out some best practices for setting things up efficiently. Find out more.
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by "Budhaditya Bhattacharya" <communities@tyk.io> - 08:33 - 15 Sep 2023 -
New DevCon: OpenVINO Model Server and scientific data
New DevCon: OpenVINO Model Server and scientific data
Bringing Together Scientific Data and Custom AI Models with OpenVINO™ Model Server
October 10, 2023; 7PM-8PM IST
Register now 
OpenVINO DevCon has added a new workshop for October with a focus on AI and biopharma. AI is changing the way clinical pharmaceutical scientists extract meaningful insights and develop innovations for the healthcare industry.
In this talk, experts from Intel and Beckman Coulter Life Sciences will share an end-to-end case study on how they leveraged OpenVINO™ Toolkit optimizations and OpenVINO Model Server to unlock AI performance for their CellAI toolbox.
Attendees will learn:
- How to unlock higher model performance for scientific AI models with OpenVINO optimizations
- How to efficiently deploy scientific AI models using OpenVINO Model Server and AiCSD
- How and where to contribute to the open-source development of AI model technologies in the life sciences domain
Register today
Kaleb Kuether
Solution Architect, Intel
Kaleb is the solution architect for the recently released Intel open-source sample AI Connect for scientific data (AiCSD).
Nooshin Nabizadeh
AI Solutions Architect, Intel
Nooshin has worked with dozens of healthcare companies to optimize their deep learning algorithms for inference and has been involved in development and adoption of OpenVINO™ toolkit in the healthcare space.
Milosz Zeglarski
Software Engineer, Intel
Throughout his career, Milosz has focused on deploying AI models and pipelines on different platforms and environments.
Ria Cheruvu
AI Software Lead Architect and AI Evangelist, Intel
Ria is a renowned speaker who focuses on solutions for security and privacy for machine learning, fairness, explainable and responsible AI systems, uncertain AI, and more.
Gabriele Aldeghi
Senior Data Scientist, Beckham Coulter Life Sciences
Gabriele specializes in Computer Vision and Image Processing applications with Deep Learning on biological data.
Filip Krasniqi
Senior Data Scientist, Beckham Coulter Life Sciences
With a focus on Data Science and particularly Computer Vision and Deep Learning, Filip works in both SE and AI skills and dealing with MSC cells.On-Demand DevCon Workshops
OpenVINO™ Toolkit 2023.0 – See What’s New
How to Leverage OpenVINO’s Acceleration in Generative AI
Beyond the Continuum: The Importance of Quantization in Deep Learning
How to Build a Smart Queue Management System
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by "Intel Developer Zone" <intel.developer.zone@plan.intel.com> - 12:32 - 15 Sep 2023 -
Want to help save the planet? Here’s how to truly value nature.
On Point
Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
•
Preventing wildfires. Some experts are calling for wild horses to be given a chance to help protect natural habitats. One postdoctoral researcher believes that the grazing behavior of wild horses can shield dry lands against wildfires. A US nonprofit recommends that the animals be relocated to landscapes to roam freely. According to its founder, by eating dry grass and the lower branches of trees, horses deprive fires of their fuel and protect natural areas from wildfires. [Atlantic]
•
The benefits of nature. “I was looking for a book I thought I could give to friends and colleagues to try to explain natural capital, and I couldn’t find one,” says climate investor Siddarth Shrikanth, who explains in a recent edition of Author Talks why he wrote the book The Case for Nature: Pioneering Solutions for the Other Planetary Crisis. In it, Shrikanth explores the economic and intrinsic reasons for protecting nature, including better agriculture, better forestry, and a more meaningful relationship with the natural world.
— Edited by Katherine Tam, editor, New York
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by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 12:29 - 15 Sep 2023 -
Keep Your Transport Vehicles Safe and Efficient with Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
Keep Your Transport Vehicles Safe and Efficient with Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
Solutions with TPMS
Provided real-time tire pressure and temperature data.
Instant alerts for tire pressure and temperature deviations from preset thresholds.
Historical tire data for informed maintenance decisions.
.png?width=1100&upscale=true&name=Group%20350451687%20(1).png)
Results
Improved system reliability leads to reduced downtime.
Implementing the system results in lower fuel costs by contributing to better fuel efficiency.
Improper tire pressure reduces fuel efficiency.
Uffizio Technologies Pvt. Ltd., 4th Floor, Metropolis, Opp. S.T Workshop, Valsad, Gujarat, 396001, India
by "Sunny Thakur" <sunny.thakur@uffizio.com> - 08:00 - 14 Sep 2023 -
Why is Kafka so fast? How does it work?
Why is Kafka so fast? How does it work?
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With data streaming into enterprises at an exponential rate, a robust and high-performing messaging system is crucial. Apache Kafka has emerged as a popular choice for its speed and scalability - but what exactly makes it so fast?
In this issue, we'll explore:
Kafka's architecture and its core components like producer, brokers, and consumers
How Kafka optimizes data storage and replication
The optimizations that enable Kafka’s impressive throughput and low latency
Let’s dive into Kafka’s core components first.
Kafka Architecture Distilled
In a typical scenario where Kafka is used as a pub-sub messaging middleware, there are 3 important components: producer, broker, and consumer. The producer is the message sender, and the consumer is the message receiver. The broker is usually deployed in a cluster mode, which handles incoming messages and writes them to the broker partitions, allowing consumers to read from them.
Note that Kafka is positioned as an event streaming platform, so the term “message”, which is often used in message queues, is not used in Kafka. We call it an “event”.
The diagram below puts together a detailed view of Kafka’s architecture and client API structure. We can see that although the producer, consumer, and broker are still key to the architecture, it takes more to build a high-throughput, low-latency Kafka. Let’s go through the components one by one.
From a high-level point of view, there are two layers in the architecture: the compute layer and the storage layer.
The Compute Layer
The compute layer, or the processing layer, allows various applications to communicate with Kafka brokers via APIs.
The producers use the producer API. If external systems like databases want to talk to Kafka, it also provides Kafka Connect as integration APIs.
The consumers talk to the broker via consumer API. In order to route events to other data sinks, like a search engine or database, we can use Kafka Connect API. Additionally, consumers can perform streaming processing with Kafka Streams API. If we deal with an unbounded stream of records, we can create a KStream. The code snippet below creates a KStream for the topic “orders” with Serdes (Serializers and Deserializers) for key and value. If we just need the latest status from a changelog, we can create a KTable to maintain the status. Kafka Streams allows us to perform aggregation, filtering, grouping, and joining on event streams.
final KStreamBuilder builder = new KStreamBuilder();final KStream<String, OrderEvent> orderEvents = builder.stream(Serdes.String(), orderEventSerde, "orders");While Kafka Streams API works fine for Java applications, sometimes we might want to deploy a pure streaming processing job without embedding it into an application. Then we can use ksqlDB, a database cluster optimized for stream processing. It also provides a REST API for us to query the results.
We can see that with various API support in the compute layer, it is quite flexible to chain the operations we want to perform on event streams. For example, we can subscribe to topic “orders”, aggregate the orders based on products, and send the order counts back to Kafka in the topic “ordersByProduct”, which another analytics application can subscribe to and display.
The Storage Layer
This layer is composed of Kafka brokers. Kafka brokers run on a cluster of servers. The data is stored in partitions within different topics. A topic is like a database table, and the partitions in a topic can be distributed across the cluster nodes. Within a partition, events are strictly ordered by their offsets. An offset represents the position of an event within a partition and increases monotonically. The events persisted on brokers are immutable and append-only, even deletion is modeled as a deletion event. So, producers only handle sequential writes, and consumers only read sequentially.
A Kafka broker’s responsibilities include managing partitions, handling reads and writes, and managing replications of partitions. It is designed to be simple and hence easy to scale. We will review the broker architecture in more detail.
Since Kafka brokers are deployed in a cluster mode, there are two necessary components to manage the nodes: the control plan and the data plane.
Control Plane
The control plane manages the metadata of the Kafka cluster. It used to be Zookeeper that managed the controllers: one broker was picked as the controller. Now Kafka uses a new module called KRaft to implement the control plane. A few brokers are selected to be the controllers.
Why was Zookeeper eliminated from the cluster dependency? With Zookeeper, we need to maintain two separate types of systems: one is Zookeeper, and the other is Kafka. With KRaft, we just need to maintain one type of system, which makes the configuration and deployment much easier than before. Additionally, KRaft is more efficient in propagating metadata to brokers.
We won’t discuss the details of the KRaft consensus here. One thing to remember is the metadata caches in the controllers and brokers are synchronized via a special topic in Kafka.
Data Plane
The data plane handles the data replication. The diagram below shows an example. Partition 0 in the topic “orders” has 3 replicas on the 3 brokers. The partition on Broker 1 is the leader, where the current data offset is at 4; the partitions on Broker 2 and 3 are the followers where the offsets are at 2 and 3.
Step 1 - In order to catch up with the leader, Follower 1 issues a FetchRequest with offset 2, and Follower 2 issues a FetchRequest with offset 3.
Step 2 - The leader then sends the data to the two followers accordingly.
Step 3 - Since followers’ requests implicitly confirm the receipts of previously fetched records, the leader then commits the records before offset 2.
Record
Kafka uses the Record class as an abstraction of an event. The unbounded event stream is composed of many Records.
There are 4 parts in a Record：
Timestamp
Key
Value
Headers (optional)
The key is used for enforcing ordering, colocating the data that has the same key, and data retention. The key and value are byte arrays that can be encoded and decoded using serializers and deserializers (serdes).
Broker
We discussed brokers as the storage layer. The data is organized in topics and stored as partitions on the brokers. Now let’s look at how a broker works in detail.
Step 1: The producer sends a request to the broker, which lands in the broker’s socket receive buffer first.
Steps 2 and 3: One of the network threads picks up the request from the socket receive buffer and puts it into the shared request queue. The thread is bound to the particular producer client.
Step 4: Kafka’s I/O thread pool picks up the request from the request queue.
Steps 5 and 6: The I/O thread validates the CRC of the data and appends it to a commit log. The commit log is organized on disk in segments. There are two parts in each segment: the actual data and the index.
Step 7: The producer requests are stashed into a purgatory structure for replication, so the I/O thread can be freed up to pick up the next request.
Step 8: Once a request is replicated, it is removed from the purgatory. A response is generated and put into the response queue.
Steps 9 and 10: The network thread picks up the response from the response queue and sends it to the corresponding socket send buffer. Note that the network thread is bound to a certain client. Only after the response for a request is sent out, will the network thread take another request from the particular client.
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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:39 - 14 Sep 2023 -
Some US drones may now fly across states. What are the benefits of drone deliveries?
On Point
Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
•
The drone next door. The US is getting closer to the day when delivery by drone hits the mainstream. Three American drone operators, including one company that examines infrastructure, a second that develops communications and navigation systems for crewless aircraft, and a third that specializes in drone delivery, were granted permission to fly their uncrewed aerial vehicles out of range of human sight. That could lead the way for businesses to send packages across the country by drone. [Axios]
•
At-home drone deliveries. In early 2022, drones made more than 2,000 commercial deliveries each day across the globe. With their potential to meet the needs of consumers who want prepared foods and other small packages delivered, in addition to making last-mile business-to-business deliveries (such as moving medical samples to labs), drones could become an important part of the delivery supply chain, McKinsey partner Robin Riedel and colleagues share on the Future Air Mobility blog.
•
Cost-effective and planet friendly. As the industry develops, drones could become as cost-effective for package delivery as other modes of transport, our analysis finds. Drones are also environmentally friendly, with carbon dioxide emissions for a single delivery typically lower than those of electric cars and vans and significantly lower than those of gasoline-powered vehicles. Discover six questions to consider when developing a drone strategy, and visit our series, The Next Normal, to discover the future of parcel delivery.
— Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta
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by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 12:36 - 14 Sep 2023 -
ตรวจสอบ 7 ความท้าทายและตัวอย่างสำหรับศูนย์ข้อมูล Edge!
Schneider Electric
7 ความท้าทายและกรณีลูกค้าสำหรับ Edge Data CenterDear Abul,
เพื่อรองรับการเติบโตของแอพพลิเคชั่นที่ใช้ข้อมูลมาก ความหน่วงต่ำเป็นพิเศษ ศูนย์ข้อมูล Edge ในพื้นที่จำเป็นต้องปรับขนาดในสภาพแวดล้อมที่หลากหลาย อย่างไรก็ตาม การขยายขนาดใหญ่ของศูนย์ข้อมูล Edge ทำให้ผู้ประกอบการศูนย์ข้อมูลพบกับความท้าทายที่หลากหลายในแง่ของพลังงานและการทำความเย็น ประสิทธิภาพการใช้พลังงาน การจัดการและการบำรุงรักษา
คู่มือนี้ อธิบายวิธีที่สถาปัตยกรรม telco cloud และ IT cloud ทำงานร่วมกันเป็นสถาปัตยกรรมเสริม ในขณะที่ออกแบบให้ตรงตามความยืดหยุ่นของศูนย์ข้อมูลและเป้าหมายด้านประสิทธิภาพ เรานำเสนอไม่ว่าจะบรรจบกับสิ่งใด นอกจากนี้ยังแนะนำกรณีการใช้งานจริงสำหรับการออกแบบและสร้างศูนย์ข้อมูล Edge ในพื้นที่แบบกระจายที่ยั่งยืนและยืดหยุ่นตามขนาด เช่น การเพิ่มการใช้พลังงานและประสิทธิภาพการดำเนินงาน การตระหนักถึงความเป็นกลางทางคาร์บอน และลดของเสียให้เหลือน้อยที่สุด
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by "Noe Noe OO, Schneider Electric" <Marcom.thailand@se.com> - 09:02 - 13 Sep 2023 -
Shocks are inevitable. A dynamic risk management plan can help companies stay competitive.
On Point
Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
•
Internal and external threats. Business risks can come from outside a company—like cyberattacks, inflation, and geopolitics—or from within—like an information leak or a missed opportunity. While leaders and organizations may have different comfort levels with risk, creating a dynamic and flexible approach to risk management could help organizations stay competitive when shocks occur, according to McKinsey Global Institute director Olivia White and coauthors. Risk controls encompass the ways in which companies can identify threats, limit or eliminate them, and prevent or reduce loss.
•
Understanding uncertainty. Preparing for risks like a pandemic, climate change, or supply chain disruption can be daunting for any organization. But strategies like scenario planning can help executives and their teams think through hypotheticals and fill existing gaps in their capabilities. One benefit of scenarios is that by developing a range of possible outcomes, each backed with a sequence of events, it is possible to expand leaders’ thinking. Explore this edition of McKinsey Explainers for three components to a successful risk management strategy.
— Edited by Gwyn Herbein, editor, Atlanta
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by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 12:11 - 13 Sep 2023 -
Keep Your Transport Vehicles Safe and Efficient with Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
Keep Your Transport Vehicles Safe and Efficient with Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
Solutions with TPMS
Provided real-time tire pressure and temperature data.
Instant alerts for tire pressure and temperature deviations from preset thresholds.
Historical tire data for informed maintenance decisions.
Results
Improved system reliability leads to reduced downtime.
Implementing the system results in lower fuel costs by contributing to better fuel efficiency.
Improper tire pressure reduces fuel efficiency.
Uffizio Technologies Pvt. Ltd., 4th Floor, Metropolis, Opp. S.T Workshop, Valsad, Gujarat, 396001, India
by "Sunny Thakur" <sunny.thakur@uffizio.com> - 08:00 - 12 Sep 2023
