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Did you include OCM in your transformation?
Did you include OCM in your transformation?
Hi MD Abul,
I'm reaching out as we just published our new Guide to Organization Change Management white paper and I wanted to get your feedback on it!
Change management is one of the leading cause of implementation failure, and my team and I am working to buck that trend. This resource includes a variety of proven strategies that will ensure that your digital transformation is as set-up for success.
I am curious if you have, or plan to, include OCM within your transformation? If can be hard to understand the impact of change management until it's too late, which is why it's so important to provide a business case for change within your overall strategies.
Do you have any thoughts or questions about how to integrate organization design or change strategies? Or need some support explaining the value to your organization? Please feel free to reach out to me directly. I am happy to be an informal sounding board for you and your team.
Looking forward to connecting!
Best regards,
Eric Kimberling
CEO and Founder
+1-720-837-3604
www.ThirdStage-Consulting.com
Some additional information in one line
by "Eric Kimberling" <eric.kimberling@thirdstage-consulting.com> - 10:49 - 9 Apr 2025 -
▶️ Celebrity Keynote Speaker Announced!
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Jessica Alba
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by "SAP Sapphire" <sap@mailsap.com> - 10:17 - 9 Apr 2025 -
Extruded PP Sheet (Solid)
Dear info
We're PP sheet manufacturer with more than 12 years experiences.We have a large number of customers from domestic and abroad, including environmental protection equipments, electroplating equipments , surface treatment, semiconductor, chemical, sewage and waste gas treatment, etc.
Product Range:Thickness from 2 mm to 100 mm,Max width is 3000 mm.Basic on professional R & D technology,both OEM and ODM are welcome!
https://www.plasticinnovate.com/
by "sales14" <sales14@Liantuoplastic.com> - 09:52 - 9 Apr 2025 -
From 2 to 5 digits: Iraq upgrades zip codes
From 2 to 5 digits: Iraq upgrades zip codes
3:00 minute read
🗺️ From 2 to 5 digits: Iraq upgrades zip codes
🌏 Aligning city definitions across geographies
🔎 Monthly changes
❄️ Walking from the US to Russia: A frozen shortcut through time
From 2 to 5 digits: Iraq upgrades zip codes
Among April's changes, including full updates in the USA and India, the most significant happened in Iraq. The full 5-digit zip codes now replace the previous 2-digit zip code prefixes.
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Fixing the global “city” definition problem
The definition of "city" varies across countries for cultural, historical, and administrative reasons. This leads to challenges for international businesses and organizations handling address data at scale.
MONTHLY CHANGES
In March, we updated 1,262,509 rows in our postal database.
Full Postal & Street updates
Bulgaria, Denmark, India, Iraq, Netherlands, Switzerland, Türkiye, United States
Postal database patches
(small changes)
Albania (Administrative Divisions),
Uganda (Administrative Divisions)
Postal boundary updates
Spain
Postal boundary patches (small changes)
Australia, Türkiye
Administrative boundaries patches (small changes)
Austria, Lithuania, Norway, Spain
For a detailed changelog, take a look at the CSV file.
Walking from the US to Russia: A Frozen Shortcut Through Time
Imagine this: You wake up in the U.S., take a short walk across some frozen ice, and suddenly… it’s tomorrow, and you’re in Russia! Sounds like a sci-fi movie, right?
Between Alaska and Russia sit the Diomede Islands: Little Diomede (U.S.) and Big Diomede (Russia).
In winter, when the Bering Strait freezes over, a natural ice bridge forms between them.
The islands are just 2.4 miles (3.8 km) apart but are separated by the International Date Line—meaning they’re also 21 hours apart in time!
That’s why Big Diomede is sometimes called "Tomorrow Island," while Little Diomede is "Yesterday Island."
Technically, you could walk between the two—if you don’t mind braving Arctic conditions and, oh yeah, breaking international border laws!
Follow us on LinkedIn for more geographical facts like this!
Kind regards,
Jerome & the GeoPostcodes team
PS: Interested in previous Monthly Product Updates? Read here.
GeoPostcodes, Bld Bischoffsheim 15, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
by "Jérôme from GeoPostcodes" <jerome@geopostcodes.com> - 06:40 - 9 Apr 2025 -
Newest Packaging Recommendation (Hongze)
Dear Mr./Ms.,
How are you?
This is Penny from Shantou Hongze Import & Export Co.ltd.
We are a manufacture engaged in packaging production for more than 20 years.
I would like to know whether you need to purchase some packages to pack your commodities.
We can provide different types of packaging and give you professional suggestion, our company introduction is in the attachment.
You can also go through our company website “www.stblossom.com”to learn more information.
Any questions, feel free to contact me.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Much appreciated!
by "Belk Facenda" <facendabelk@gmail.com> - 06:36 - 9 Apr 2025 -
What’s the latest in quantum computing?
On McKinsey Perspectives
by "Only McKinsey Perspectives" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:06 - 9 Apr 2025 -
Your potential partner for iron oxide business
Dear info,
Hope this email finds you well.
This is Joanna on behalf of XT pigment technology Co.ltd. We are top 1 iron oxide manufacturer in northwest of China.
Our core business is producing iron oxide pigments, there are 7 colors available, widely used in tiles, interlocks, paintings & plastic.
We have factory, supporting customized products.
Small qty is available for testing the quality.
Are you interested in our products?
Best Regards,
Joanna
by "andy" <andy@colorxtpigment.com> - 11:12 - 8 Apr 2025 -
From the largest supermarket shelf manufacturing factory in Jiangsu, China
Dear info,
Glad to learn you're on the market of shelf products.I work in foreign trade in a shelf company. We Jiangsu Jinyihao Metal Technology Co., LTD Company specialized in shelf for 20 years.Our main products cover supermarket shelf,drugstore shelves, warehouse shelves ,home shelves and other various items of storage shelves.
If any product meed your demand, please feel free to contact us. We're sure your any inquiry or requirement will get prompt attention.
Best regards,
Nico
Sales Manager
P: +86 18852930810
E: nico@jyhshelf.com
by "Cristiano Rool" <roolcristiano827@gmail.com> - 08:03 - 8 Apr 2025 -
Navigating Vendor Layoffs: Insights for Your ERP Implementation
Navigating Vendor Layoffs: Insights for Your ERP Implementation
Hi MD Abul,
I hope this message finds you well. In light of recent developments within the tech industry, I wanted to share some insights on how vendor layoffs might affect your ERP implementation and how to navigate these challenges effectively.
Recent Vendor Layoffs
Several prominent technology companies have announced significant workforce reductions recently:
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Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE): Announced plans to cut approximately 2,500 jobs, representing about 5% of its workforce, as part of cost-cutting measures.
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Autodesk: Initiated a restructuring plan that includes reducing approximately 9% of its workforce, affecting around 1,350 employees.
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Workday: Announced a reduction of about 1,750 jobs, equating to 8.5% of its workforce, to invest more heavily in artificial intelligence amid a challenging macroeconomic environment.
Implications for ERP Implementations
These workforce reductions can have several potential impacts on organizations undergoing ERP implementations:
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Resource Availability: Layoffs may lead to reduced support and development resources from your ERP vendors, potentially affecting project timelines and the availability of expertise.
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Product Development: Restructuring efforts might shift vendor focus towards specific areas, such as artificial intelligence, possibly deprioritizing other functionalities critical to your implementation.
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Vendor Stability: Significant layoffs can signal financial or strategic shifts within a vendor organization, which may impact their long-term viability and commitment to product support.
Strategies to Mitigate Risks
To navigate these challenges effectively, consider the following strategies:
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Maintain Open Communication: Regularly engage with your ERP vendors to stay informed about organizational changes and understand how they might affect your project.
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Assess Vendor Roadmaps: Review and reassess your vendors' product development roadmaps to ensure alignment with your organization's needs and timelines.
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Diversify Support Channels: Consider augmenting vendor support with third-party consulting services to mitigate potential gaps in expertise or resources.
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Monitor Vendor Health: Keep abreast of your vendors' financial and organizational health to anticipate and prepare for potential disruptions.
Best regards,
Eric Kimberling
by "Eric Kimberling" <eric.kimberling@thirdstage-consulting.com> - 06:04 - 8 Apr 2025 -
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French Pattern Porcelain Tiles – Elegant, Durable & Low Water Absorption
Dear info，
I hope this email finds you well.
We are excited to introduce our exquisite **French Pattern Porcelain Tiles**, designed to bring timeless elegance and superior performance to any space. These tiles combine aesthetic appeal with exceptional durability, making them ideal for both residential and commercial applications.
**Key Features:**
- **Available Sizes:** 400×600 mm, 400×400 mm, 200×400 mm, 200×200 mm
- **Thickness:** 9 mm – Perfect for high-traffic areas
- **Ultra-Low Water Absorption:** **< 0.5%** – Ensures excellent resistance to stains, frost, and moisture
- **Premium French Pattern Design** – A sophisticated and versatile choice for modern interiors
Whether you’re looking for flooring, wall cladding, or decorative accents, these tiles offer unmatched quality and style.
Would you be interested in these kinds of porcelain tiles? We’d be happy to provide more information or discuss bulk pricing options.
Looking forward to your kind reply!
P.S:some of our Pocerlain tiles French pattern
Sizes :400*600,400*400,200*400,200*200,Thickenss :9mm
Waterabsorption:<0.5%
Best Regards,
Maria Lin / General Manager
Pedesen Stone Co.,Ltd
ADD:FLOOR 5, QIANAN NO.326,NEICUO TOWN,XIANGAN DISTRICT,XIAMEN,FUJIAN,CHINA
TE:0086 592 7619558 | Mobile NO.: 0086 15306926985 (WhatsApp/Wechat)
Email: marialin@pedesenstone.com
by "Amanda" <Amanda@a-pdsstone.com> - 03:04 - 8 Apr 2025 -
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by mary@embspot.com - 02:05 - 8 Apr 2025 -
Exploring Durable and Affordable PVC Flooring Solutions
Dear info,
My name is Zhuge Chao, and I am the Chairman of Lianyungang Kingly Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., a leading manufacturer specializing in residential and commercial PVC flooring rolls.
We understand that your company is important role in the flooring industry in [Target Market/Country]. Our products are both affordable and durable, making them an excellent addition to your product portfolio.Why Choose Kingly PVC Flooring Rolls? Versatile Specifications: Available in 2m and 4m widths (1.8m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.3m, 3.5m, 3.7m, 4m) .Available to meet different market needs.
High Durability: Waterproof, anti-slip, and wear-resistant.
Customizable Designs: Offering a wide range of patterns and textures, with options for custom designs.
We are currently expanding our global partnerships and would be pleased to offer you exclusive pricing and support to help grow your business. Please find our product catalog attached for your reference.
Could we discuss how we can meet your market needs via email? I look forward to your reply.
Best regards,Zhuge Chao
Chairman
Lianyungang Kingly Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.
[+8615266638777]
by "wholesale" <wholesale@kinglyflooring.com> - 01:49 - 8 Apr 2025 -
Russell burnt this to the ground (confession)
Well… I wasn’t expecting this.
So, you remember One Funnel Away Challenge, right??
It’s arguably our MOST successful challenge we’ve ever done at ClickFunnels…
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That’s it - now hurry and go here to watch the video of Russell breaking down the awesomeness of the NEW OFA (and quickly sign up before the doors close)! →
See you in the challenge,
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© Etison LLC
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by "Todd Dickerson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 01:34 - 8 Apr 2025 -
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• Zum Nähen auf der RückseiteGewebte Aufnäher
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by mary@embspot.com - 01:06 - 8 Apr 2025 -
How YouTube Supports Billions of Users with MySQL and Vitess
How YouTube Supports Billions of Users with MySQL and Vitess
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Disclaimer: The details in this post have been derived from presentations and blogs written by the YouTube and Vitess engineering teams. All credit for the technical details goes to the YouTube and Vitess engineering teams. The links to the original articles and videos are present in the references section at the end of the post. We’ve attempted to analyze the details and provide our input about them. If you find any inaccuracies or omissions, please leave a comment, and we will do our best to fix them.
As YouTube’s popularity soared, so did the complexity of its backend. This happens because every video upload, comment, like, and view creates more data.
Initially, a single MySQL database and a few web servers were enough to keep the site running smoothly. But as the platform evolved into a global giant with billions of daily views, this approach began to crumble under the weight of its success.
YouTube built a custom solution for managing and scaling MySQL. This was known as Vitess.
Vitess acts like a smart librarian in a massive library. Instead of letting everyone go through the shelves, it organizes requests, routes them efficiently, and ensures that popular books are available at the front.
In other words, Vitess isn’t a replacement for MySQL. It’s more like a layer on top of it, allowing YouTube to continue using the database system they were already familiar with while enabling horizontal scaling (adding more servers) and graceful traffic handling. By introducing Vitess, YouTube transformed its backend into a more intelligent, resilient, and flexible infrastructure.
In this article, we will look at the various challenges YouTube faced as part of this implementation and the learnings they derived.
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How do Web Apps Typically Scale?
When developers first build a web or mobile application, setting up the backend is fairly straightforward. Typically, they spin up a MySQL database and connect it to their application via a few web servers. This setup works wonderfully in the beginning. It’s simple, well-documented, and allows the team to move quickly with the features that matter.
In this early phase, the database footprint is small. Users submit data (like account info or posts) and retrieve it as needed. With low traffic, everything runs smoothly. Reads and writes are fast, and backups can be taken by temporarily pausing the application if needed.
However, success introduces complexity. As the application becomes more popular, more users begin to interact with it simultaneously. Each read or write adds to the load on the single MySQL instance, which can lead to slowdowns and an unresponsive database.
Some of the first problems to appear include:
Slow queries due to growing data volume.
Downtime while performing backups or updates.
Risk of data loss if a single server fails.
Limited ability to serve users globally due to latency.
Reading from Replicas
As web applications scale, one of the first techniques used to handle increasing load is replication: creating one or more copies (replicas) of the main database (often called the primary). These replicas are kept in sync with the primary by copying its data changes, typically through a process called asynchronous replication.
See the diagram below:
The main advantage of using replicas is load distribution.
Instead of having every user query hit the primary database, read queries (such as viewing a video, profile page, or browsing a list) are sent to the replicas. This reduces the load on the primary and helps the system handle a much higher volume of requests without degradation in performance.
However, this setup introduces a crucial trade-off: data staleness.
Since replicas receive updates from the master with a delay (even if just a few seconds), they may not always reflect the most current data. For example, if a user updates their profile and immediately refreshes the page, a replica might still contain the old information.
Let’s look at how YouTube handled this scenario.
Balancing Consistency and Availability
As YouTube grew, it faced a fundamental challenge in distributed systems: the CAP theorem.
This principle states that in the event of a network issue, a system can only guarantee two of the following three properties: Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance.
Partition tolerance is a must for distributed systems, so engineers are left choosing between consistency and availability.
YouTube, like many large-scale platforms, chose to make trade-offs, sacrificing strict consistency in some areas to maintain high availability.
They did this by classifying different types of read operations with a dual strategy:
Replica Reads: Used when absolute freshness isn’t critical. For example, displaying a video or showing view counts doesn't require second-to-second accuracy. A few seconds of delay in updating the view count won’t harm user experience.
Primary Reads: Reserved for operations that require up-to-date data. For example, after a user changes their account settings, they expect to see those changes reflected immediately. These read operations are directed to the primary, which has the most current data.
The underlying idea was that not all read requests are equal. Some data must be fresh, but a lot of content can tolerate a slight lag without negatively impacting the user experience.
Write Load Challenges and the Role of Prime Cache
As YouTube's traffic surged, so did the number of write operations to the database: uploads, comments, likes, updates, and more. This increase in write queries per second (QPS) eventually made replication lag a serious problem.
MySQL’s replication process, especially in its traditional form, is single-threaded. This means that even if the primary database handles many write operations efficiently, the replicas fall behind because they process changes one at a time. When the volume of writes crosses a certain threshold, the replicas can’t keep up. They begin to lag, causing stale data issues and inconsistencies.
See the diagram below that shows the MySQL replication process.
To address this, YouTube engineers introduced a tool called Prime Cache.
Prime Cache reads the relay log (a log of write operations that replicas use to stay in sync with the primary). It inspects the WHERE clauses of upcoming queries and proactively loads the relevant rows into memory (cache) before the replica needs them.
Here’s how it helps:
Normally, a replica processes a write operation and must fetch data from a disk as needed.
Prime Cache pre-loads the necessary data into memory, turning what was previously disk-bound work into memory-bound operations.
As a result, the replication stream becomes faster because memory access is much quicker than disk access.
This optimization significantly improved replication throughput. Replicas were now able to stay more closely in sync with the primary, even under high write loads.
While Prime Cache wasn’t a permanent fix, it allowed YouTube to handle a much higher volume of writes before needing to implement more complex scaling strategies like sharding.
Sharding and Vertical Splitting
As YouTube's backend continued to grow, even optimized replication couldn’t keep up with the sheer scale of the data. The size of the database itself became a bottleneck. It was too large to store efficiently on a single machine, and the load was too heavy for any one server to handle alone.
To address this, YouTube adopted two complementary strategies: vertical splitting and sharding.
Vertical Splitting
Vertical splitting involves separating groups of related tables into different databases.
For example, user profile data might be stored in one database, while video metadata is stored in another. This reduces the load on any single database and allows independent scaling of different components.
Sharding
Sharding takes this a step further by dividing a single table’s data across multiple databases, based on some key, often a user ID or a data range. Each shard holds only a portion of the overall data, which means that write and read operations are spread across many machines instead of one.
Sharding comes with some trade-offs as well:
Transactions that span multiple shards are difficult to coordinate, so strong guarantees like atomicity and consistency across shards are often sacrificed.
Queries that need data from multiple shards or tables may no longer work as expected.
The application must now know how to route queries to the correct shard and how to handle cross-shard queries when needed.
For certain types of queries that span shards, special indexing and synchronization logic are required.
To cope with this complexity, YouTube's client logic evolved significantly. It was no longer enough to simply connect to a database and send queries. The client now needed to determine whether a read should go to a replica or the master, decide which shard a query should be routed to, based on the query’s WHERE clause, and maintain and update cross-shard indexes where needed.
This shift placed more responsibility on the application layer, but it also enabled YouTube to scale far beyond the limits of a single MySQL instance.
One of the most powerful features of Vitess is its ability to automate sharding. Here’s how automatic sharding works in Vitess:
An engineer specifies that an existing shard (for example, one with too much data or traffic) needs to be split. This might be from 1 shard into 4, 16, or more.
In the background, Vitess sets up new MySQL instances, initializes them with the schema, and begins copying data.
Engineers can check the progress using Vitess tools. Once data has been moved and validated, the system signals readiness.
When everything is in place, the engineer authorizes a traffic switch. Vitess automatically redirects queries to the new shards and updates its metadata.
Once confirmed, the original overburdened shard is phased out of production.
The process is built to minimize downtime and manual intervention.
Query Routing with VTTablet and VTGate
In a sharded database environment like YouTube's, sending SQL queries to the right database instance becomes a challenge.
Vitess solves tchallenge with two key components: VTTablet and VTGate.
VTGate is a query router. It acts as the main entry point for all application queries. When an application sends an SQL statement, it doesn't need to know which shard to talk to or whether the data lives in one table or across several databases. VTGate handles all of that logic.
VTTablet sits in front of each MySQL instance (each shard). It acts as a lightweight proxy, but with several advanced capabilities:
Manages connection pooling: Rather than allowing thousands of direct connections to MySQL, which would overwhelm it, VTTablet maintains a limited set of pooled connections and serves multiple app queries efficiently.
Query safety checks: VTTablet inspects every incoming query. If a query is missing a LIMIT clause or is likely to return an excessive number of rows, VTTablet may block it or return an error.
Performance management: VTTablet tracks how long queries run and can kill long-running or resource-intensive ones.
Data validation and caching: It interfaces with the row cache, handles invalidations, and ensures data consistency without hitting MySQL for every request.
Vitess uses its own SQL parsers in both VTGate and VTTablet to understand the structure and intent of each query. While it doesn’t support every edge-case feature of MySQL, it covers nearly all common SQL syntax used in typical applications.
Reparenting and Backups in Vitess
Soon, the YouTube engineering team had to deal with the complexity of managing thousands of database instances.
Manual operations that once took a few minutes became risky and time-consuming. Even small mistakes (like misconfiguring a replica or pointing it to the wrong primary) could cascade into major outages.
Vitess was designed to automate many of these routine but critical database management tasks, such as reparenting and backups.
Reparenting
Reparenting is the process of promoting a replica to become the new primary if the current primary fails or needs to be taken offline.
Without automation, reparenting is a multi-step, manual process that involves the following steps:
Identify the failure.
Promote a suitable replica.
Update all other replicas to follow the new primary.
Reroute application traffic.
Even if each step takes only a few seconds, the total time can be significant. Worse, human error during this sensitive process can lead to data inconsistencies or prolonged downtime.
Vitess simplifies reparenting through its orchestration layer, powered by a lock server and specialized workflow components.
Backup Management
Vitess also automates backups. Rather than requiring administrators to manually bring down a server and extract data, Vitess tablets can initiate and manage backups on their own. They can perform these tasks without interrupting service, thanks to the separation between primary and replica roles.
This automation is critical at scale. With potentially thousands of database instances across many data centers, manual backups and recovery are not just inefficient, they’re impractical and error-prone.
Core Vitess Features That Helped YouTube Scale
Below is a detailed breakdown of the features that helped Vitess serve the needs of YouTube in terms of scaling.
1 - Connection Pooling
In MySQL, each client connection consumes memory. At YouTube's scale, with tens of thousands of simultaneous user requests, allowing each web server to directly connect to MySQL would quickly exhaust server memory and crash the system.
Vitess solves this with connection pooling, managed by VTTablet:
All incoming connections are handled by a smaller pool of MySQL connections.
This prevents memory exhaustion and reduces the load on the MySQL server.
When a new master comes online (for example, after failover), the system rapidly reconnects and resumes full service without downtime.
2 - Query Safety
In large teams, even well-intentioned developers can accidentally write inefficient queries. Vitess implements multiple safety mechanisms:
Row limits: If a query lacks a LIMIT clause and risks returning an enormous dataset, VTTablet automatically adds a limit or blocks the query.
Blacklisting: Administrators can blacklist problematic queries so they are never executed.
Query logging and statistics: Vitess logs all query behavior, including execution time, error frequency, and resource use. This data is critical for detecting misbehaving queries early.
Timeouts: Long-running queries are automatically killed to prevent resource hogging.
Transaction limits: Vitess enforces a cap on the number of open transactions, avoiding MySQL crashes from transaction overload.
3 - Reusing Results
In high-traffic environments, popular queries can become hotspots. Thousands of users might request the same data at the same time. In vanilla MySQL, each query would be independently executed, increasing CPU and disk usage.
Vitess handles this intelligently. When a request arrives for a query that is already in progress, VTTablet holds the new request until the first one is completed. Once the initial result is ready, it is shared across all waiting requests.
4 - Vitess Row Cache vs MySQL Buffer Cache
MySQL's buffer cache loads 16KB blocks from disk into memory, regardless of how many rows are needed. This works well for sequential reads but performs poorly for random-access patterns, which are common in modern web apps.
Vitess implements its row-level cache, optimized for random access:
It uses memcached to cache individual rows by primary key.
When a row is updated, the cache is invalidated.
If the system is operating in replica mode, Vitess listens to the MySQL replication stream and uses it to invalidate cached rows in real-time.
This means the cache stays accurate without relying on manual expiry times and delivers faster responses for frequently accessed records.
5 - System Fail-Safes To Protect Against Overload
Beyond query and connection management, Vitess implements broader fail-safes:
Idle or long transactions are terminated, reducing memory leaks and deadlocks.
Rate limits can be enforced to prevent specific users or services from flooding the database.
Detailed metrics and dashboards help Site Reliability Engineers (SREs) quickly spot and fix performance regressions.
Conclusion
As YouTube scaled to serve billions of users, its backend faced significant challenges in database performance, reliability, and manageability.
Initially relying on MySQL, the platform encountered limitations with connection capacity, replication lag, and query safety.
To address this, YouTube developed Vitess: a powerful, open-source database clustering system that extends MySQL’s scalability while adding critical features. Vitess introduced connection pooling to prevent overload, query safety mechanisms to guard against inefficient operations, and a smart query router to handle sharded data across multiple servers.
Features like result reuse and a custom row cache enhanced efficiency, while real-time cache invalidation ensured consistency. Automation of tasks such as reparenting and backup further reduced operational complexity.
Together, these innovations enabled YouTube to maintain high availability, rapid performance, and data integrity at a massive scale.
References:
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