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After a few years in, how do CEOs sustain high performance?
On Point
Four ways to avoid complacency Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
— Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta
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by "McKinsey On Point" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 12:30 - 20 Jun 2023 -
The quarter’s top themes
McKinsey&Company
At #1: The A to Z on Gen Z In the second quarter of 2023, our top ten posts from McKinsey Themes look at collaboration overload, the future of the car, and more. At No. 1. is The A to Z on Gen Z, which features articles by Bo Finneman, André Dua, and Kweilin Ellingrud. Read on for our full top 10.
3. The future of the car
Over the past 20 years, the automotive sector has navigated a wave of disruptions; in the next decade, changes will come faster than ever—and with greater force and impact, write Kevin Laczkowski, Amuche Okeke-Agba, Andy Voelker, and Brooke Weddle in a new article. Buckle up
Today’s always-connected customers have high expectations from the companies that serve them. That’s why offering best-in-class customer experiences, or CX, is no longer merely a “nice to have” for organizations; in fact, there’s a strong correlation between companies’ CX ratings and their revenue growth. Be bold
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Creating a balanced workplace flexibility strategy: A leader’s guide
Flex your workplace Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
Three years after the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, many organizations have embraced the idea of long-term flexible work arrangements. But setting clear parameters for hybrid and remote work hasn’t been easy. Guidelines have tended to be ad hoc and vary widely across companies, and many leaders, while supportive of flexibility, continue to express concerns about its impact on culture, collaboration, and performance. Balancing the needs of both employer and employee—rather than favoring one or the other—may be critical to the success of flexible workplaces.
When it comes to being prepared for flexible work, “most firms have only scratched the surface,” note McKinsey’s Phil Kirschner, Adrian Kwok, and Julia McClatchy while discussing the results of a McKinsey survey of real estate and people leaders. Most respondents still struggle to implement a set of 12 capabilities that McKinsey has identified as critical to successful hybrid workplace transformations. While many companies have the basics of flexible work in place—such as incorporating employee sentiment and deploying work-from-anywhere technology—they fall short on creating a unified workplace vision; testing new physical-office concepts; documenting processes, including how work gets done; and defining leadership accountability. Rather than fixating on days in the office, as many leaders tend to do, it may be more rewarding to “create a sustainable, responsive, and magnetic workplace experience,” suggest the McKinsey experts.
That’s the percentage of people who take the opportunity to work remotely if their employers offer that option, according to McKinsey’s American Opportunity Survey. Sixty-five percent of employed respondents say they would be willing to work remotely all the time—a clear signal to organizations that flexible work, born as a reaction to a crisis, has become a desirable and even expected job feature. But different groups experience flexible work differently: for example, younger workers are more likely than older workers to report having work-from-home opportunities. This makes it imperative for employers to consider how their flexible-work policies fit with their diversity, equity, and inclusion strategies.
That’s David Arena, head of global real estate for JPMorgan Chase, in a conversation with McKinsey partner John Means about the financial institution’s state-of-the-art office tower in New York City. Currently under construction, the building combines futuristic technology, sustainable workplace design, and employee experience to create flexible spaces that meet the needs of both remote and on-site staff. Features include bike racks, a designated lane for self-driving cars, renewable power systems, and biometric devices that can personalize employee interactions. “Today, it’s about the intuitive building, and that’s what we’re working on,” says Arena. “I think one of the things we’ve missed in office buildings is that people want to be known. They want to have a personal experience when they come to work, and I think there’s a great opportunity to do that.”
Hybrid work can be highly productive—if it is “well-organized hybrid,” says Stanford University economics professor Nicholas Bloom in this discussion with McKinsey partner Michael Chui. Bloom advocates a model in which “everyone comes in on the same anchor days, and everyone stays at home on the same home days.” This pushes face-to-face activities such as meetings, training sessions, and social events into the on-site days, with the at-home days available for quiet work that doesn’t require in-person collaboration. “You see productivity uplifts of often 2 to 3 percent per hour from quiet [work],” says Bloom. Combined with the savings on commuting time, “you’re getting something like 3 to 5 percent improvement in productivity.” But even fully remote workplaces benefit by meeting in person occasionally, Bloom says: “Normally, what they’ll do is meet up for, let’s say, a week every other month to try and build some connection.”
Several organizations have begun to reverse their remote work policies— causing dismay among workers who had relocated or made lifestyle changes based on the assumption that the earlier approach was long term. One of the challenges of a flexible-work model may be an increasingly large gap between senior leaders’ and employees’ perceptions of what it means. The more transparent and detailed your organization’s guidelines on remote work are, the more likely they are to satisfy employees and increase productivity. “Communication is key,” suggest McKinsey senior partner Aaron De Smet and colleagues. “Leaders must create a thoughtful, open, ongoing, and two-way dialogue with employees, partnering to shape the solution from the onset.”
Lead flexibly.
— Edited by Rama Ramaswami, senior editor, New York
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by "McKinsey Leading Off" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 02:09 - 19 Jun 2023 -
กลยุทธ์การบำรุงรักษาไซต์งานอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
Schneider Electric
EcoConsult Expertise for Your Businessมอบประสบการณ์และความเชี่ยวชาญของ ชไนเดอร์ อิเล็คทริค ให้กับธุรกิจของท่านเรียน Abul,
เราหวังว่าอีเมลฉบับนี้จะสนับสนุนและช่วยเหลือคุณได้เป็นอย่างดี
คุณอาจพลาดอีเมลล่าสุดของเราที่มีข้อเสนอในไซต์ของคุณ ไม่มีข้อผูกมัดในการประเมินสินทรัพย์ด้านไฟฟ้า.
เราเข้าใจถึงความรู้สึกที่ต้องเผชิญกับปัญหาที่ยากต่อการแก้ไขอย่างดีจากประสบการณ์ที่ผ่านมา ลูกหค้าหลายรายจะปรึกษาเราบ่อยครั้ง (1) ขาดทรัพยากรในการปรับเปลี่ยนอุปกรณ์ไฟฟ้า เช่น สวิตช์เกียร์ล้าสมัย หรือ (2) การขาดการวางแผนล่วงหน้า (แบบรีแอกทีฟ) ที่เกิดขึ้นเมื่อมีกระแสไฟรบกวนหรือเกิดปัญหาขึ้นแล้ว
นั่นเป็นเหตุผลที่เราได้ออกแบบรายงานของเรา เพื่อให้ผู้ที่ดูแลเห็นภาพรวมของทรัพย์สินทางไฟฟ้าโดยละเอียด รวมถึงเงื่อนไขต่างๆ การประเมินลักษณะการทำงาน เพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพ การวางแผนแบบล่วงหน้า และคำแนะนำของเรานั้นล้วนเกี่ยวกับแผนการบำรุงรักษาซึ่งเป็นประโยชน์แก่องค์กรของคุณหากคุณต้องการมองเห็นรายละเอียดเเกี่ยวกับสินทรัพย์ทางไฟฟ้าของไซต์งานคุณ เกี่ยวกับข้อกำหนดการบำรุงรักษา เพียงคุณกรอกแบบฟอร์ม ติดต่อเรา และเราจะตอบสนองภายใน 3 วันทำการ (ทั้งหมดนี้ดำเนินการโดยไม่มีข้อผูกมัด)ขอแสดงความนับถือ,วราชัย จตุรสถาพร
Cluster Business Vice President+ Lifecycle Services From energy and sustainability consulting to optimizing the life cycle of your assets, we have services to meet your business needs. Schneider Electric
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The week in charts
The Week in Charts
AI talent gap in China, the resilience of Ukraine businesses, and more Share these insights
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by "McKinsey Week in Charts" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 03:21 - 17 Jun 2023 -
Hi
Hi, My name is Alison. I have an audit of your website that reports on the key areas that Google identifies as the main reasons. You are probably missing out on a lot of leads. Are you the right person to send this report to at no cost and no obligation? Please let me know, So I can share the report/analysis with you. Many Thanks Alison McLean ------------------------------------------------------------ Note:-If you are not interested, kindly respond with "No"
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EP64: How to improve API performance
EP64: How to improve API performance
This week’s system design refresher: How Discord Stores TRILLIONS of Messages (YouTube video) Netflix's Overall Architecture How to improve API performance Branching strategies Key data terms ByteByteGo is looking for guest posts 2023 State of the Java Ecosystem Report by New Relic (Sponsored) Open in app or online This week’s system design refresher:
How Discord Stores TRILLIONS of Messages (YouTube video)
Netflix's Overall Architecture
How to improve API performance
Branching strategies
Key data terms
ByteByteGo is looking for guest posts
2023 State of the Java Ecosystem Report by New Relic (Sponsored)
Get an in-depth look at one of the most popular programming languages in New Relic's 2023 State of the Java Ecosystem report.
You’ll get insight into:
The most used Java versions in production
The most popular JDK vendors
The rise of containers
The most common heap size configurations
The most used garbage collection algorithms
Highlights from the report:
Java 17 user adoption grew 430% in one year
Java 14 is the most popular non-LTS version
Amazon is now the most popular JDK vendor
Containers rule everything around us
How Discord Stores TRILLIONS of Messages
Netflix's Overall Architecture
This post is based on research from many Netflix engineering blogs and open-source projects. If you come across any inaccuracies, please feel free to inform us.
Mobile and web: Netflix has adopted Swift and Kotlin to build native mobile apps. For its web application, it uses React.
Frontend/server communication: Netflix uses GraphQL.
Backend services: Netflix relies on ZUUL, Eureka, the Spring Boot framework, and other technologies.
Databases: Netflix utilizes EV cache, Cassandra, CockroachDB, and other databases.
Messaging/streaming: Netflix employs Apache Kafka and Fink for messaging and streaming purposes.
Video storage: Netflix uses S3 and Open Connect for video storage.
Data processing: Netflix utilizes Flink and Spark for data processing, which is then visualized using Tableau. Redshift is used for processing structured data warehouse information.
CI/CD: Netflix employs various tools such as JIRA, Confluence, PagerDuty, Jenkins, Gradle, Chaos Monkey, Spinnaker, Altas, and more for CI/CD processes.
How to improve API performance
The diagram below shows 5 common tricks to improve API performance.
Pagination
This is a common optimization when the size of the result is large. The results are streaming back to the client to improve the service responsiveness.Asynchronous Logging
Synchronous logging deals with the disk for every call and can slow down the system. Asynchronous logging sends logs to a lock-free buffer first and immediately returns. The logs will be flushed to the disk periodically. This significantly reduces the I/O overhead.Caching
We can cache frequently accessed data into a cache. The client can query the cache first instead of visiting the database directly. If there is a cache miss, the client can query from the database. Caches like Redis store data in memory, so the data access is much faster than the database.Payload Compression
The requests and responses can be compressed using gzip etc so that the transmitted data size is much smaller. This speeds up the upload and download.Connection Pool
When accessing resources, we often need to load data from the database. Opening the closing db connections add significant overhead. So we should connect to the db via a pool of open connections. The connection pool is responsible for managing the connection lifecycle.
Over to you: What other tricks do you use to improve API performance?
What branching strategies does your team use?
Teams often employ various branching strategies for managing their code, such as Git flow, feature branches, and trunk-based development.
Out of these options, Git flow or its variations are the most widely favored methods. The illustration by Jetbrains explains how it works.
Data is used everywhere, but do you know all the commonly used data terms?
Data Warehouse: A large, structured repository of integrated data from various sources, used for complex querying and historical analysis. \
Data Mart: A more focused, department-specific subset of a data warehouse providing quick data retrieval and analysis.
Data Lake: A vast pool of raw, unstructured data stored in its native format until it's needed for use.
Delta Lake: An open-source storage layer that brings reliability and ACID transactions to data lakes, unifying batch, and streaming data processing.
Data Pipeline: A process that moves and transforms data from one system to another, often used to populate data warehouses and data lakes.
Data Mesh: An architectural and organizational approach where data ownership and delivery are decentralized across domain-specific, cross-functional teams.
Over to you: do you know the difference between a data engineer and a data scientist?
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Hi, I wanted to reach out because I have an Audit of your website that reports on the key areas that Google identifies as the main reasons you're probably missing out on a lot of leads. Are you the right person to send this report with no cost or obligation? If you are, please reply to this email and I'll send it over to you. Yours Sincerely Elina Hoyt ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Note:-If you are not interested, kindly respond with "REMOVE"
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Webinar: Benchmarking AI apps on edge hardware with RHODS.
Webinar: Benchmarking AI apps on edge hardware with RHODS.
Learn to leverage the Red Hat OpenShift Data Science Platform.Benchmark AI apps on Intel® hardware with RHODS and Intel® Developer Cloud for the Edge
Register for the Webinar Md Abul,
Please join us for our upcoming webinar on AI application benchmarking. Cohosted by experts from Intel and Red Hat, this webinar will explore how AI developers can benchmark applications on Intel® hardware through the Red Hat® OpenShift® Data Science Platform (RHODS). Attendees will learn how to:- Leverage the Intel® Developer Cloud for the Edge-Container Playground as REST APIs from within RHODS
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Register now Meghana Rao
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Meghana Rao is a Technical Marketing Engineer at Intel and serves as a developer evangelist for Intel family of products and solutions. In her current role as an AI evangelist, she works closely with universities and developers in evangelizing Intel’s AI portfolio and solutions, helping them understand Machine Learning and Deep Learning concepts, technologies, and platforms.
Audrey (Guidera) Reznik
Sr. Principal Software Engineer at Red Hat
Audrey Reznik has been in the IT industry (private and public sectors) for 27 years in multiple verticals. Audrey was instrumental in educating scientists about what the OpenShift platform was and how to use OpenShift containers (images) to organize, run, and visualize data analysis results. Audrey now focuses on next-generation applications. She is passionate about Data Science and in particular the current opportunities with Machine Learning and Federated Data.
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How Gen AI could make your organization more profitable
The Shortlist
Four new insights Curated by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
Twice monthly, we bring you four new insights out of the dozens we publish that we think are worth a second glance from any business leader in any geography. In this edition, we look at what hybrid work means for your company’s real estate strategy, offer straight talk on generative AI’s business use cases, and more. We hope you enjoy the read.
—Liz and Homayoun
Read up on a new strategy for global IT in Managing the forces of fragmentation: How IT can balance local needs and a global efficiency in a multipolar world, by Oliver Bossert, Mathis Friesdorf, Andreas Kopper, and Wolf Richter.
We hope you find this synthesis helpful. See you in two weeks with four more ideas from McKinsey.Share these insights
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by "McKinsey Shortlist" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 03:32 - 16 Jun 2023 -
What could your commute look like in 2035?
On Point
Imagining the future of mobility Brought to you by Liz Hilton Segel, chief client officer and managing partner, global industry practices, & Homayoun Hatami, managing partner, global client capabilities
• Riding into the future. An annual survey conducted by the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility examines four mobility trends across the world, from shared mobility to autonomous driving. According to McKinsey partner Kersten Heineke and colleagues, results from 2022 show a willingness on the part of consumers to change their transportation habits. Moving away from private-car use—which contributes to road congestion and increased carbon emissions—and toward shared mobility could create a more seamless and sustainable mobility ecosystem.
— Edited by Gwyn Herbein, editor, Atlanta
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Purchase of Resettlement
Dear Sir/Madam,
The war and political tussles in our country have today made us fugitives in our own country Sudan.
I am a mineral miner in my country Sudan.
I write to inquire if you or your company can assist me purchase homes that can accommodate me and my family members for resettlement in your country.
I will pay for your service charge, before the purchase.
Regards,
Abdul Kareem
by "Abdul Kareem" <abdulkareemmm@getnada.com> - 08:19 - 15 Jun 2023 -
Re
Hi, I wanted to reach out because I have an Audit of your website that reports on the key areas that Google identifies as the main reasons you're probably missing out on a lot of leads. Are you the right person to send this report with no cost or obligation? If you are, please reply to this email and I'll send it over to you. Yours Sincerely Nina Sackman ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Note:-If you are not interested, kindly respond with "REMOVE"
by "Nina Sackman" <info@betterperception.com> - 02:12 - 15 Jun 2023 -
Hi
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Network Protocols Run the Internet
Network Protocols Run the Internet
In distributed systems, data is sent over the network using various network protocols. As an application developer, this often seems like a block box until an issue arises. In this issue, we’ll explain how common network protocols work, where they are used in distributed systems, and how we troubleshoot common problems. We’ll cover some popular interview questions as well. For example: Open in app or online This is a sneak peek of today’s paid newsletter for our premium subscribers. Get access to this issue and all future issues - by subscribing today.
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In distributed systems, data is sent over the network using various network protocols. As an application developer, this often seems like a block box until an issue arises.
In this issue, we’ll explain how common network protocols work, where they are used in distributed systems, and how we troubleshoot common problems. We’ll cover some popular interview questions as well. For example:
What happens when we type a URL in a web browser?
What is the TCP 3-way handshake?
What is TCP time_wait?
What are HTTP 1/2/3?
Why does HTTP 3 use UDP?
How does HTTPS work?
Why is UDP considered “unreliable”?
Let’s first look at where the network protocols are used.
Internet and the OSI Model
The Internet links a wide range of computing devices around the world. We can get a rough idea from the diagram below. Suppose we access a website from a smartphone or laptop, which connects to a cellular tower. The tower connects to a router, which then accesses the internet via Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Packets are forwarded to a local ISP, then to the network hosting the website. Once the packets reach the company network, they go through a link-layer switch and reach the appropriate server.
Both routers and link-layer switches are packet switches, and their job is to forward packets. The difference is that routers are usually used in the network core to connect multiple networks, while link-layer switches are used in access networks (the network that physically connects an end system to an edge router), connecting several devices in a single network.
Why do we need network protocols? Internet-connected devices need to communicate in a language that they can understand. Various computer systems communicate with each other using a standard specified by the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. The OSI model has seven abstract layers, each with distinct responsibilities and protocols.
The diagram below shows what each layer does in the OSI model. Each intermediate layer serves a class of functionality to the layer above it and is served by the layer below it. Let’s review them.
Application Layer
The application layer is the closest to the end users. Most applications reside in this layer. We request data from a backend server without needing to understand data transmission specifics. Protocols in this layer include HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DNS, etc. We will cover them later.
Presentation Layer
This layer handles data encoding, encryption, and compression, preparing data for the application layer. For example, HTTPS leverages TLS (Transport Layer Security) for secure communications between clients and servers.
Session Layer
This layer opens and closes the communications between two devices. If the data size is large, the session layer sets a checkpoint to avoid resending from the beginning.
Transport Layer
This layer handles end-to-end communication between the two devices. It breaks data into segments at the sender’s side and reassembles them at the receiver’s. There is flow control in this layer to prevent congestion. Key protocols in this layer are TCP and UDP, which we’ll discuss later.
Network Layer
This layer enables data transfer between different networks. It further breaks down segments or datagrams into smaller packets and finds the optimal route to the final destination using IP addresses. This process is known as routing.
Data Link Layer
This layer allows data transfer between devices on the same network. Packets are broken down into frames, which are confined to a local area network.
Physical Layer
This layer sends bitstreams over cables and switches, making it closely associated with the physical connection between devices.
Compared to the OSI model, the TCP/IP model only has 4 layers. When discussing layers, it’s important to specify the context.
Now that we understand the responsibilities of each layer, let’s summarize the data transfer process using the following diagram. This is called encapsulation and decapsulation. Encapsulation involves adding headers to the data as it travels towards its destination. Decapsulation removes these headers to retrieve the original data.
Step 1: When Device A sends data to Device B over the network using HTTP, an HTTP header is initially added at the application layer.
Step 2: A TCP or a UDP header is added to the data. It is encapsulated into TCP segments at the transport layer. The header contains the source port, destination port, and sequence number.
Step 3: The segments are then encapsulated with an IP header at the network layer. The IP header contains the source and destination IP addresses.
Step 4: An MAC header is added to the IP datagram at the data link layer, containing the source and destination MAC addresses.
Step 5: The encapsulated frames are sent to the physical layer and sent over the network as bitstreams.
Steps 6-10: When Device B receives the bits from the network, it initiates the de-encapsulation process, which is the reverse of the encapsulation process. Headers are removed layer by layer, until Device B can access the original data.
Note that each layer uses the headers for processing instructions and does not need to unpack the data from the previous layer.
How do the OSI model layers map to a Linux server implementation? The diagram below provides more detail. The Linux network protocol stack aligns closely with the 4-layer TCP/IP model. The application sends data to the socket via system calls. The socket serves an abstraction for the communication endpoint. The socket layer accepts the data and passes it to the transport and network layer. The data eventually reaches the Network Interface Card (NIC) and is sent over the network.
In the next section, we will explore the common network protocols used when visiting an eCommerce website...
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