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  • EP164: JWT Simply Explained

    EP164: JWT Simply Explained

    JWT or JSON Web Tokens is an open standard for securely transmitting information between two parties. They are widely used for authentication and authorization.
    ͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­
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    This week’s system design refresher:

    • JWT Simply Explained

    • The 5 Pillars of API Design

    • How Computer Memory Works?

    • Top Kubernetes Scaling Strategies You Must Know

    • Hiring Now: Top AI Startups and AI Roles

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    JWT Simply Explained

    JWT or JSON Web Tokens is an open standard for securely transmitting information between two parties. They are widely used for authentication and authorization.

    graphical user interface

    A JWT consists of three main components:

    1. Header
      Every JWT carries a header specifying the algorithms for signing the JWT. It’s written in JSON format.

    2. Payload
      The payload consists of the claims and the user data. There are different types of claims such as registered, public, and private claims.

    3. Signature
      The signature is what makes the JWT secure. It is created by taking the encoded header, encoded payload, secret key, and the algorithm and signing it.

    JWTs can be signed in two different ways:

    1. Symmetric Signatures
      It uses a single secret key for both signing the token and verifying it. The same key must be shared between the server that signs the JWT and the system that verifies it.

    2. Asymmetric Signatures
      In this case, a private key is used to sign the token, and a public key to verify it. The private key is kept secure on the server, while the public key can be distributed to anyone who needs to verify the token.

    Over to you: Do you use JWTs for authentication?


    The 5 Pillars of API Design

    No alternative text description for this image

    APIs are the backbone of modern systems. But it is also important to design them in the right way.

    Here are a few things that a developer should consider while designing APIs

    1. The Interface
      API Design is concerned with defining the inputs and outputs of an API. For example, defining how the CRUD operations may be exposed to the user or the client.

    2. API Paradigms
      APIs can be built following different paradigms, each with its own set of protocols and standards. Some options are REST, GraphQL, and gRPC.

    3. Relationships in API
      APIs often need to establish relationships between the various entities. For example, a user might have multiple orders related to their account. The API endpoints should reflect these relationships for a better client experience.

    4. Versioning
      When modifying API endpoints, proper versioning and supporting backward compatibility are important.

    5. Rate Limiting
      Rate limiting is used to control the number of requests a user can make to an API within a certain timeframe. This is crucial for maintaining the reliability and availability of the API.

    Over to you: Which other API Design principle will you add to the list?


    How Computer Memory Works?

    No alternative text description for this image

    Here’s a simple breakdown that shows how data moves through a system from input to processing to storage.

    1. Data enters through input sources like keyboard, mouse, camera, or remote systems.

    2. Permanent storage holds your system files, apps, and media. This includes hard drives, USB drives, ROM/BIOS, and network-based storage.

    3. RAM is the workspace of your computer. It includes physical memory and virtual memory, which temporarily store data and programs while you’re using them.

    4. Cache memory sits closer to the CPU and is split into Level 1 and Level 2. It helps speed up access to frequently used data.

    5. CPU registers are the fastest and smallest memory units. They’re used directly by the processor to execute instructions almost instantly.

    The higher you go in the memory pyramid, the faster and smaller the storage.

    Over to you: What else will you add to improve the understanding of a computer memory’s working?


    Top Kubernetes Scaling Strategies You Must Know

    No alternative text description for this image
    1. Horizontal Pod Autoscaling or HPA
      Horizontal Pod Autoscaler automatically scales the number of Pods in a Deployment, ReplicaSet, or StatefulSet based on observed CPU utilization, memory usage, or custom metrics.

    2. Vertical Pod Autoscaling or VPA
      Based on application requirements, VPA adjusts the resources allocated to individual pods, such as CPU and memory. This approach dynamically changes pod resource settings based on workload metrics.

    3. Cluster Auto Scaling
      The Cluster Autoscaler automatically adjusts the number of nodes in a Kubernetes cluster. It interacts with the cloud provider to add or remove nodes based on requirements. This is important to maintain a balanced cluster.

    4. Predictive Auto Scaling
      Predictive Autoscaling uses machine learning to forecast future resource requirements. It helps Kubernetes adjust resources by anticipating workload demands.

    Over to you: Which other Kubernetes Scaling Strategy will you add to the list?


    Hiring Now: Tech Roles

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    High Impact Roles at High Growth AI Startups this week

    High Salary General SWE Roles this week


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    by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 12:03 - 24 May 2025
  • a professional beachwear manufacturer based in China

    DearInfo,


    I hope this email finds you well! My name isSchlender Kietzman , and I represent Hangzhou Meiqideng, a professional beachwear manufacturer based in China.

    We specialize in designing and producing stylish, high-quality swimwear with:
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    5.png

                                        
    linda .Ding   

    company name:  Hangzhou Meiqideng  



    by "Schlender Kietzman" <schlenderkietzman@gmail.com> - 10:45 - 24 May 2025
  • Re: Cost?
    Hi,

    I was going through your website, which isn't doing well because of some errors but has a lot of potential in your business.

    We can place your website on Google's first page for your city or state.

    May I send an SEO plan & error report?

    Thank You

    by "Lusia Zeb" <lusia80008@hotmail.com> - 10:19 - 24 May 2025
  • Final Opportunity at Poulton Park Golf Club
    This is your final chance to join...
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    by "James Thomson - Golf Marketing Agency" <info@golfmarketingagency.co.uk> - 03:46 - 24 May 2025
  • Want to watch me film a product LIVE? (It’s Free!)
    I have a crazy idea, and you should be there to see it!

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    Selling Online Shortcut

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    P.S. – Don’t forget, you’re just ONE funnel away…

    © Prime Mover LLC

     

    By reading this, you agree to all of the following: You understand this to be an expression of opinions and not professional advice. You are solely responsible for the use of any content and hold Prime Mover LLC and all members and affiliates harmless in any event or claim.

     

    If you purchase anything through a link in this email, you should assume that we have an affiliate relationship with the company providing the product or service that you purchase, and that we will be paid in some way. We recommend that you do your own independent research before purchasing anything.

     

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    by "Russell Brunson" <newsletter@marketingsecrets.com> - 09:00 - 23 May 2025
  • Inquiry Regarding Your Thermal Transfer Ribbon Requirements

    Hello dear Info
    This is Mike from Codewel, which is a manufacturer of thermal transfer ribbon in China with more than ten years.
    Glad to know you from my friend that you are a professional TTR slitting factory(distributor) in Brazil.

    May I know what type of thermal transfer ribbons do you need, wax, wax/resin or resin?
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    And free samples can be sent for your test.

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    Regards

    Mike

       China Top TTR&ONE STOP Barcode Solution Supplier
    Please consider the environment before printing this email!





    by "Sale8" <Sale8@barcodeleader.com> - 07:23 - 23 May 2025
  • Advanced Anti-Counterfeit Solutions for Documents and Packaging

    Dear Info,

    Our anti-counterfeit solutions are designed to protect both documents and packaging. We offer a variety of security features, including holographic printing, security threads, QR codes, and micro-text, to ensure the authenticity of your products and documents.

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    by "Brian" <Brian@hublioglobal.com> - 01:04 - 23 May 2025
  • [LAST CALL] The CF Connect Replay goes away tonight!
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    WATCH THE CF CONNECT REPLAY BEFORE MIDNIGHT TONIGHT >>

     

    To your success!

     

    Todd Dickerson

    © Etison LLC 

     

    By reading this, you agree to all of the following: You understand this to be an expression of opinions and not professional advice. You are solely responsible for the use of any content and hold Etison LLC and all members and affiliates harmless in any event or claim.

     

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    by "Todd Dickerson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 12:50 - 23 May 2025
  • Charting a course through today’s tariff landscape

    On McKinsey Perspectives

    A nerve center can help ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 
    McKinsey & Company
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    Welcome to the latest edition of Only McKinsey Perspectives. We hope you find our insights useful. Let us know what you think at Alex_Panas@McKinsey.com and Axel_Karlsson@McKinsey.com.

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    by "Only McKinsey Perspectives" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:18 - 23 May 2025
  • Xingchen Intelligent electric window opener

    Hi Info,


    Hope this email finds you well. I'm Andi from Huzhou Xingchen Intelligent Transmission Co.,Ltd.a leading manufacturer in the field of intelligent building solutions, and we are excited to introduce our high - quality electric window openers to you.


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    by "HZXC4" <HZXC4@xingchenIntelligent.com> - 10:13 - 22 May 2025
  • API Gateway vs Service Mesh - Which One Do You Need

    API Gateway vs Service Mesh - Which One Do You Need

    In this article, we look at both API Gateways and Service Mesh in detail, along with their key differences and usage goals.
    ͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­
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    Modern software systems rarely live in isolation. Most applications today are stitched together from dozens,  sometimes hundreds, of independently deployed services, each handling a piece of the puzzle. This helps create smaller units of responsibility and loose coupling. However, the flexibility comes with a new kind of complexity, especially around how these services communicate.

    In a monolith, in-process function calls stitch components together. In a service-based world, everything talks over the network. Suddenly, concerns that were once handled inside the application, like retries, authentication, rate limiting, encryption, and observability, become distributed concerns. And distributed concerns are harder to get right.

    To manage this complexity, engineering teams typically reach for one of two patterns: the API gateway or the service mesh. 

    Both aim to make communication between services more manageable, secure, and observable. But they do it in very different ways, and for different reasons. The confusion often starts when these tools are treated as interchangeable or when their roles are reduced to simple traffic direction: "API gateways are for north-south traffic, service meshes are for east-west." That shortcut oversimplifies both and sets teams up for misuse or unnecessary overhead.

    In this article, we look at both API Gateways and Service Mesh in detail, along with their key differences and usage goals.

    What is an API Gateway?...

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    by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:35 - 22 May 2025
  • [FINAL CHANCE] The CF Connect Replay disappears tomorrow!
    Did you see Russell’s announcement yet?

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    The ClickFunnels Connect Replay is coming down tomorrow (Friday) at 11:59PM.

     

    This was one of the highest-value livestreams we’ve ever done.  It wasn’t a pitch… It was just PURE VALUE content! 

     

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    WATCH THE FULL CLICKFUNNELS CONNECT REPLAY WHILE IT’S STILL UP >>

     

    Talk soon!

     

    Todd Dickerson

    © Etison LLC 

     

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    by "Todd Dickerson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 10:45 - 22 May 2025
  • How Accedo Leverages Observability to Power World-Class Video Experiences

    New Relic



    We just released our latest video on how Accedo leverages observability to power word-class video experiences with New Relic. Watch the video with Bleuenn Le Goffic, VP Business Transformation, at Accedo and Arnie Lopez, Chief Customer Officer at New Relic to learn more about:

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    Watch the full video to hear the discussion on strategic partnerships, leveraging observability for business insights, managing peak events, and future trends in the video streaming industry.
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    by "New Relic" <emeamarketing@newrelic.com> - 05:05 - 22 May 2025
  • Final Slot Available - Act Today
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    by "James Thomson - Golf Marketing Agency" <info@golfmarketingagency.co.uk> - 04:06 - 22 May 2025
  • Why business leaders should go all in on AI

    On McKinsey Perspectives

    An expert’s predictions ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌   ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 
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    Only McKinsey Perspectives
    Only McKinsey Perspectives

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    —Alex and Axel

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    by "Only McKinsey Perspectives" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:11 - 22 May 2025
  • 🔴 Live today: Expert Insights on AI, cyber resilience, and more

    🔴 Live today: Expert Insights on AI, cyber resilience, and more

    ManageEngine




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    by "Thamizh | ManageEngine" <thamizh@manageengine.com> - 12:02 - 22 May 2025
  • Last chance to register! Agentforce World Tour Broadcast | 29 May

    Last chance to register! Agentforce World Tour Broadcast | 29 May

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    29 May 2025
    9:00 a.m. BKT/ICT | 10:00 a.m. SGT

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    by "Salesforce Events" <salesforce@mail.salesforce.com> - 11:19 - 21 May 2025
  • Yongjiu Electric Power Fitting Co.,Ltd

    Dear Info,

     

    Hello!


    This is Yongjiu Electric Power Fitting Co.,Ltd, which is specializing in electric power fittings over 30 years.
    I know you have stable supplier, but it is good for you to catch different supplier price and support when negotiating with your current supplier, do you agree?


    I checked your website carefully and found we have many similar products, you can compare it with your supplier’s.
    Price list and catalogue will be sent if you needed.

     

    Best wishes

    Yongjiu Electric Power Fitting CO.,Ltd


    by "Mersudin Durchholz" <mersudindurchholz@gmail.com> - 11:00 - 21 May 2025
  • Keep driving innovation with SAP Business Suite

    Keep driving innovation with SAP Business Suite

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    by "SAP" <sap@mail.sap.com> - 09:05 - 21 May 2025
  • Trusted, Certified Wireless Solutions for Your Smart Metering Needs

    Dear Sir/Madam,

     

    At HAC Telecom, we understand that trust and reliability are essential in the wireless metering industry. With over 50 international and domestic patents, our products meet the highest standards, including FCC and CE certifications. Organizations around the globe rely on our electronic backpack (pulse reader) to ensure seamless, reliable meter data collection, leading to long-term operational success.

     

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    by "Sciascia Fridge" <sciasciafridge@gmail.com> - 08:30 - 21 May 2025