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[FHL] NEW Speaker Interview + FREE bonus!
Question:
How’s your heart rate…??
Oh I’m sorry… you don’t check it all the time like I am right now…??
Seeing as we’re merely DAYS away from the foot-pounding, dancing, cheering, and marketing mind-blowing amazingness that is FHL!!!
And hey, if it makes you feel any better about your webinars or presentations… I also “second guess” myself and question each slide and what I’m going to say.
It’s as if that just never goes away and you have to keep pushing forward regardless of the discomfort ;)
Did you secure your ticket to the LAST DANCE of FHL yet…?
If not, then I’m assuming you’re swimming in a pool of coins like Scrooge McDuck, and perhaps someone I should be getting advice from… ;)
However, if you’re NOT lounging in a giant pool of coins like a lost member of The Goonies, then I highly suggest you join me and THOUSANDS of other entrepreneurs who are looking to THRIVE in 2025!!
Better hurry and go here:
AND be sure to grab your discounted room along with all the other Funnel Hackers so you’re not stuck out in the desert with a Lyft driver named Sam.
Go here to book your room using the special FUNNEL HACKERS secret room block rate (shhhhh…) →
Now onto today's new speaker interview!
If you’ve ever wanted to start a PROFITABLE podcast from home, even if you’re not sure where to start, what your “theme” should be, or wonder if anyone would even listen…
…then you’re going to love today’s guest speaker!
She’s the host of the massively successful podcast, YAP (Young And Profiting) where she gives business, personal development, and marketing advice for everyday entrepreneurs.
I’m talking about Hala Taha!
WATCH MY INTERVIEW WITH HALA TAHA @ 2 PM ET HERE →
Hala not only has helped me like crazy with my own podcast, but she also COMPLETELY changed the way I look at my podcast as a business.
Listen, while it may be a running joke about “starting your own podcast”... the truth is: there is a HUGE opportunity right now in the podcast space and barely ANYONE is jumping on it.
And it’s a shame, because there’s A LOT of money to be made with a podcast IF you do it correctly (and in the way Hala can teach you)...
If you want to see HOW it’s done – how to make any podcast profitable AND fun… then you need to watch my interview with Hala TODAY @ 2 PM ET!
WATCH MY INTERVIEW WITH HALA TAHA @ 2 PM ET HERE →
OK, see you in a couple of hours!
Russell Brunson
P.S. Don’t forget, you’re just one funnel away…
P.P.S. Did you book your hotel room…?? Our room block is filling up and I would hate it if you missed out on being with your Funnel Hacker family!!! Hurry here and use our special room block rate to book your room →
© Etison LLC
By reading this, you agree to all of the following: You understand this to be an expression of opinions and not professional advice. You are solely responsible for the use of any content and hold Etison LLC and all members and affiliates harmless in any event or claim.
If you purchase anything through a link in this email, you should assume that we have an affiliate relationship with the company providing the product or service that you purchase, and that we will be paid in some way. We recommend that you do your own independent research before purchasing anything.
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 01:50 - 23 Jan 2025 -
Top Strategies to Reduce Latency
Top Strategies to Reduce Latency
Forwarded this email? Subscribe here for moreLatest articles
If you’re not a subscriber, here’s what you missed this month.
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Latency is a fundamental concept to consider when designing any application. It refers to the delay between a user's action and the system's response.
In technical terms, latency measures the time it takes for data to travel from a source to a destination and back. It is usually expressed in milliseconds (ms) and is critical in determining the speed and responsiveness of applications, websites, and networks.
High latency can have a profound impact across business domains:
User Experience: Slow-loading websites frustrate users and lead to higher bounce rates. A Google study shows that slowing down the search results page by 100 to 400 milliseconds has a measurable impact on the number of searches per user of -0.2% to -0.6%.
Business Operations: Delays in real-time applications like video conferencing or online collaboration tools can hamper productivity. Due to delayed page loads, e-commerce platforms suffer from reduced customer satisfaction and lower sales. For example, Amazon estimates that a 1-second increase in latency could cost $1.6 billion annually in sales.
SEO Rankings: Search engines prioritize fast-loading websites in search rankings. For example, Google’s Core Web Vitals places significant weight on metrics like First Input Delay (FID), which is directly tied to latency. High latency increases page load times, negatively affecting SEO and organic traffic.
In this article, we will learn about latency and its types in detail. We will explore top strategies to reduce latency, such as caching, content delivery networks (CDNs), load balancing, asynchronous processing, database indexing, pre-caching, data compression, and connection reuse.
Latency vs Bandwidth vs Throughput...
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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:37 - 23 Jan 2025 -
What’s at stake if we don’t close the women’s health gap?
On McKinsey Perspectives
by "Only McKinsey Perspectives" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:12 - 23 Jan 2025 -
The newest FHL speaker just got revealed! (replay inside)
Our newest Funnel Hacking Live 10 speaker is one of the best presenters and trainers on THIS PLANET. Known as the guy who empowers individuals to achieve in a day what others dream in a year…
MYRON GOLDEN!!!
WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW REPLAY W/ MYRON GOLDEN HERE →
CEO, best-selling author, YouTube personality, international speaker… Myron has spoken at many Funnel Hacking Live events before, but this time I decided to give him MORE time on stage than I ever have in the past for a specific reason…
I want him to talk about something he is one of the top entrepreneurs in the world at creating: OFFERS!
If you’ve ever seen Myron speak before, then you don’t need me to tell you that he is an absolute genius at creating irresistible, high-value offers his audience just can’t ignore, and now at FHL 10, he’s going to teach you just how he does it!!
So many marketers, in an attempt to construct a master offer, end up overcomplicating things and confusing their leads (and we KNOW a confused mind will ALWAYS SAY NO!)
OR beginning entrepreneurs just have no idea where to start when it comes to structuring an expert offer…
Myron has said that, “An offer is nothing more than your ability to describe and deliver the solution to someone else’s problem.”
Drawing from his years of experience and success, Myron is going to BRING DOWN THE HOUSE when he reveals clearly and simply the tactics and strategies he uses to make offers that speak to the heart of those he’s trying to serve, they can’t possibly refuse!!
And now, when you secure your FHL tickets ASAP, you’ll not only learn from one of the best sales strategists of our time, you’ll also receive Myron’s game-changing FREE bonus!!
WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW REPLAY W/ MYRON GOLDEN HERE →
I’ll let you find out directly from the video what Myron’s bonus is all about, but I WILL say that this audio program of his usually retails for $500…
But as someone who loves “introducing people to themselves” (their real, top potential selves), Myron is giving away this training for FREE to all FHL ticket holders!!!
REMEMBER: When you secure your FHL 10 ticket ASAP you get access to ALL of the following speaker bonuses –-
Ashley Kirkwood’s Bonus! The “cheat sheet” that will not only help INCREASE your engagement and sales… but can change your entire business model into the one you’ve always wanted!! (Watch Ashley’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Eileen Wilder’s Bonus! Hours of coaching content teaching you her framework of persuasion and influence you can use absolutely ANYWHERE to maximize influence and quickly increase sales!! (Watch Eileen’s bonus reveal HERE→)
- Tim Shields’ Bonus! THE essential webinar-building companion that will help you create your expert level, game-changing webinar faster than you ever thought possible! (Watch Tim’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Trent Shelton’s Bonus! Become a more confident and successful speaker and overall expert communicator with Trent’s extremely beneficial training that will help you improve in ALL areas of selling! (Watch Trent’s bonus reveal HERE→)
- Armand Morin’s Bonus! Discover the exact formula Armand uses to compound the effectiveness of the “stack and close” system! (Watch Armand’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Garrett J. White’s Bonus! Unlock the six skills you need to become a true movement maker in business with Garrett’s 3-day FREE virtual training!! (Watch Garrett’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Josiah Grimes’ Bonus! Uncover Josiah’s incredible wealth of knowledge that will work in ANY NICHE! (Watch Josiah’s bonus reveal HERE→)
Andy Elliott’s Bonus! Become a better entrepreneur, become a better spouse, become a better human being!! (Watch Andy’s speaker reveal HERE→)
-
McCall Jones’ Bonus! (Watch McCall’s bonus reveal HERE→) Learn how to apply your unique voice to my (Russell’s) strategies for top-converting presentations and offers!
-
Myron Golden’s Bonus! Start learning how to unlock your top-tier mindset before you’ve even made your first million! (Watch Myron’s bonus reveal HERE→)
- The FREE bonuses of ALL the remaining FHL 10 speakers I have yet to reveal!!
PLEASE REMEMBER that these bonuses WILL NOT be available for much longer. Once they’ve been removed, no future ticket buyers will be able to access them, so get your tickets ASAP!!
I’ll be going live again TOMORROW to reveal another FHL 10 speaker as well as their FREE bonus…
This speaker is no stranger to sharing big ideas to thousands at a time, whether that be on live stages or on her hugely popular podcast!
Keep your eyes peeled for tomorrow’s email with the link to watch the LIVE reveal!!
See you there!
© Etison LLC
By reading this, you agree to all of the following: You understand this to be an expression of opinions and not professional advice. You are solely responsible for the use of any content and hold Etison LLC and all members and affiliates harmless in any event or claim.
If you purchase anything through a link in this email, you should assume that we have an affiliate relationship with the company providing the product or service that you purchase, and that we will be paid in some way. We recommend that you do your own independent research before purchasing anything.
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 12:48 - 23 Jan 2025 -
Ashley Kirkwood’s Bonus! The “cheat sheet” that will not only help INCREASE your engagement and sales… but can change your entire business model into the one you’ve always wanted!! (Watch Ashley’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
How CEOs can impart organizational identity
Re:think
FRESH TAKES ON BIG IDEAS
ON CEO PRIORITIES
Why successful leaders dig deep on identity and purposeKurt Strovink
Leaders who are effective communicators know how to offer compelling narratives about their organizations—ones that inspire employees, customers, and other stakeholders. That may sound like a straightforward task, but it really isn’t.
CEOs must address multiple challenges on a given day. This means they may not have time to step back and consider the broader stakes. What is my organization’s North Star? How can I tell a story about the organization and myself as a leader that reflects our values and resonates with people, both internally and externally?
When working with CEOs, we offer a way for them to think about framing these questions that I call the “four W’s”:•
Who are we?
•
Why are we here?
•
What is our agenda?
•
When do we execute our plans?
The “who” is the company’s identity—its personality, values, and culture. The “why” reflects purpose—what is our core mission? The “what” and the “when” correspond to the work plan and initiatives and the timing to execute them. CEOs want to quickly establish accountability and execute their strategy, which is obviously important for results. However, our observation after working with leaders is that passing over the first two W’s to focus on the last two can be problematic and misses a real opportunity.
Organizational success comes from leaders spending more time upstream with the foundational questions of purpose and identity, which are particularly important for companies stocked with self-propelled talent. These are people who, when told where the goal line is, figure out how to get there. Purpose and identity are fuel for performance, and they’ve only gotten more important in an era of nonstop change and increased yearning for meaning in the workplace.
CEOs should want to inspire and motivate all their people. There’s an old story about John F. Kennedy touring the NASA facilities in Cape Canaveral. He noticed a janitor with a broom nearby. He asked what the man was doing for NASA, and the janitor replied that he was helping to put a man on the moon. He didn’t view his contribution as fractional; he felt he was doing his part so the overall mission could succeed.“Purpose and identity are fuel for performance, and they’ve only gotten more important in an era of nonstop change.”
We’ve seen this same kind of widespread shared vision play out at successful hospital systems where all employees—not just the doctors and nurses—feel they are healing and caring for patients. When hospital leaders have a vision of patient care that is integrative, employee experience improves, as does customer experience.
These are examples of how the “who” and the “why” combine to give a strong sense of organizational identity. Identities, by their nature, are not partial; they are holistic. They don’t apply to only 25 percent or 50 percent of employees. It’s 100 percent or nothing.
To spread their vision, leaders can spotlight people who are living the goal successfully. Senior leaders can reach out to those on the front line and say, “I heard you did this. Good stuff, keep it going, and thank you for setting an example.” Leaders can also teach. They can say, “Look, we’re continuing to get better at this. We keep getting closer and closer, but it’s the striving to be great that makes us great.” If they emphasize improvement, as well as performance, people will be more motivated to stretch and strive.
Finally, leaders can serve as role models for this approach themselves. They should be curious, hunting for new ways of doing things. They can refine their own script, not relying on a stump speech that is provided to them and that they repeat over and over. They can evolve it as they learn, enriching their narrative with employees, suppliers, customers, and the board.
We suggest that leaders take the time to dwell on identity and purpose. If they skip over those things and focus only on operational factors, they leave a lot on the sidelines because people just aren’t going to be as excited and committed as they could be. This is particularly true in high-talent organizations, where people don’t necessarily listen to authority alone (the “do it because I said so” approach). What motivates them is having something that they believe in: an interpretation of who they are and why they’re here that resonates.
In any human endeavor, it isn’t just about a transaction but about depth of meaning. Reasons, values, mission, and how people see themselves—and why they do what they do—matter. We see this in our work with companies that could have gone down the path of making more money outside of their core mission, but they decided against it. And they’re thriving, whether it’s in entertainment or healthcare or other sectors.
Finally, the four W’s are a useful mnemonic device for CEOs to quickly pull up and ask, “Am I leading in a way that works well across all of these? Or am I at 10-10-40-40?” Obviously, if they’re at 50-50-0-0, that’s also a problem. The point is to recalibrate and put more time and energy where it’s needed while vowing not to skip over “who” and “why.” Balance is the key.Share Kurt Strovink's insights
ABOUT THIS AUTHOR
Kurt Strovink is a senior partner in McKinsey’s New York office.
MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR
UP NEXT
Alex Camp on creating healthy cultures
Most leaders understand the importance of culture in achieving organizational goals, but many are still unsure about how to make the best parts of their cultures stick. Rather than relying on the informal transfer of rules and rituals, they need to be more intentional about culture—here’s why.
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by "McKinsey Quarterly" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 02:48 - 22 Jan 2025 -
[FHL] NEW Speaker Interview (more free bonuses!)
My next guest speaker is an entrepreneur and a dear friend who I've turned to many times for advice on how to break through my own limitations.
That’s the thing...
We ALL limit ourselves.
Doesn’t matter if you’re just starting out selling online or you’ve been at it for 20+ years…
We limit ourselves all the time, AND, we don’t even realize we’re doing it… while we’re doing it.
His name is Myron Golden and he’s the "limitation eliminator”... able to help driven, high-achieving entrepreneurs like yourself DESTROY your own limiting beliefs, see your potential, and rise up to face the new challenges with a new (and improved) mindset.
He’s been a Funnel Hacking LIVE alumni and I can’t wait to have him back… one last time in Vegas!!
GO WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW W/ MYRON GOLDEN @ 2 PM ET →
I’ll just be honest with you: when you listen and apply what Myron teaches, you become richer.
Richer in finances… in relationships… in career… in life.
So if you want to grow and become the BEST version of yourself, then join me today for my interview with Myron Golden!
GO WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW W/ MYRON GOLDEN @ 2 PM ET →
OH… one more thing.
Did you hear about the “bed situation” in Vegas…?
Yeah, so I guess Vegas… ran out of beds??
Apparently, there’s only one more bed and they’re doing a Thunderdome battle for it. Whoever wins gets to sleep on a nice bed.
Weird, right?
Or not… it is Vegas afterall. ;)
OK OK OK… I’m kidding - (or am I…? ;)
But you know what DOES feel a little “Thunderdome-y”...?
Trying to find a hotel room right now, especially when FHL is right around the corner…
If you look now, the prices are BANANAS high… AND if you did do an Airbnb, you have to go so far out of Vegas, it’ll take you a good chunk of time back to get to the event center.
Why do all of that nonsense… when you can simply go here and book your room with us! →
Not only will you be among your fellow Funnel Hackers, you’ll also SAVE some moolah AND get a nice hotel room with your own bed.
Sounds like a win-win if you ask me…
Of course there’s another problemo…
See, we are LIMITED on the number of rooms to give out with the exclusive discount.
Once these rooms are gone, that’s it…
So don’t wait!!! Get your room and be among your people!
BOOK YOUR ROOM NOW & BE AMONG FUNNEL HACKERS →
OK that’s it!
Russell Brunson
P.S. Don’t forget, you’re just one funnel away…
© Etison LLC
By reading this, you agree to all of the following: You understand this to be an expression of opinions and not professional advice. You are solely responsible for the use of any content and hold Etison LLC and all members and affiliates harmless in any event or claim.
If you purchase anything through a link in this email, you should assume that we have an affiliate relationship with the company providing the product or service that you purchase, and that we will be paid in some way. We recommend that you do your own independent research before purchasing anything.
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 12:26 - 22 Jan 2025 -
You’re invited: Simplify AWS and Azure Monitoring with New Relic
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by "New Relic" <emeamarketing@newrelic.com> - 05:06 - 22 Jan 2025 -
Unlock My Biggest Marketing Secrets (for Free!)
Hey...
Let me ask you a question: What if you could sit in a room with a mentor who's built an empire from scratch—and get all their marketing secrets for free?
That’s exactly what I created with the Marketing Secrets Podcast.
Twice a week, I share the behind-the-scenes of what’s working RIGHT NOW in online marketing. These aren’t theories. They’re tested strategies that helped me go from struggling in college to co-founding ClickFunnels, a $100M company used by over 100,000 entrepreneurs.
Here’s a sneak peek of what you’ll discover:
✔ The secret to getting your dream customers to chase YOU.
✔ How to turn traffic into raving, paying fans.
✔ My proven frameworks for scaling any business online.The best part? You can listen for FREE right now.
🎧 Subscribe and Download on Your Favorite Platform:
Apple | Spotify | CastBox | PandoraDon’t wait—your next breakthrough could be one episode away.
To your success,
RussellMarketing Secrets
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by "Russell Brunson" <newsletter@marketingsecrets.com> - 03:44 - 22 Jan 2025 -
How the space economy is growing
On McKinsey Perspectives
Brought to you by Alex Panas, global leader of industries, & Axel Karlsson, global leader of functional practices and growth platforms
Welcome to the latest edition of Only McKinsey Perspectives. We hope you find our insights useful. Let us know what you think at Alex_Panas@McKinsey.com and Axel_Karlsson@McKinsey.com.
—Alex and Axel
•
The next era of space. Activity in space is accelerating, spurred by the need for greater satellite-based connectivity, higher demand for positioning and navigation services, and growing demand for insights powered by AI and machine learning. Such innovations are already conferring benefits in a wide range of industries, including food and beverage and transportation, McKinsey senior partner Ryan Brukardt and coauthors share. Space-based advancements may also help to address some of the world’s toughest challenges, such as climate change.
•
Valuable space applications. McKinsey analysis finds that over the next decade, space applications—including those for satellites, launchers, and GPS—are expected to grow at twice the projected rate of GDP growth. Read the full report from the World Economic Forum and McKinsey, Space: The $1.8 trillion opportunity for global economic growth, for additional insights about the essential factors that may shape the space economy’s future. And as day three of Davos begins, learn more about the World Economic Forum–McKinsey knowledge collaboration on the space economy.
—Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta
This email contains information about McKinsey's research, insights, services, or events. By opening our emails or clicking on links, you agree to our use of cookies and web tracking technology. For more information on how we use and protect your information, please review our privacy policy.
You received this email because you subscribed to the Only McKinsey Perspectives newsletter, formerly known as Only McKinsey.
Copyright © 2025 | McKinsey & Company, 3 World Trade Center, 175 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10007
by "Only McKinsey Perspectives" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:52 - 22 Jan 2025 -
Did you watch the NEW FHL Speaker Interview?!
Our newest Funnel Hacking Live 10 speaker didn’t even know what a funnel was 4 years ago…
This February she’ll be high-kicking on the FHL stage for her third year in a row…
I’m talking about McCall Jones!!!
WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW REPLAY W/ MCCALL JONES HERE →
McCall actually came to FHL for the first time in 2020 to support her sister who would be speaking on stage. She had ZERO plans of starting an incredibly successful business…
BUT after every single FHL 2020 speaker gave her the tools she needed to get started, she decided she had a responsibility to help entrepreneurs with her unique skillset!!
As a vocal coach and performer, McCall has helped countless entrepreneurs find their own unique voice (aka Charisma Style), infuse it into their presentations, events, webinars and offers…
And DRAMATICALLY increase their ability to connect with and sell to dream customers again and again!!
I’ve heard so many people tell me they can’t create the same success as their mentors because they just don’t have the same energy as them, or that they’re introverted or shy.
Guess what…?
McCall’s Charisma Hacking system works NO MATTER your personality or level of extrovertedness!!
At FHL 10 McCall will show you how to tap into your specific charisma style and then use it to add rocket fuel to your offers to draw customers in and make more sales than you ever thought possible!!
And now, when you secure your FHL tickets ASAP, you’ll not only learn how to become a pro charisma hacker, you’ll also receive McCall’s insane FREE bonus!!
WATCH TODAY’S INTERVIEW REPLAY W/ MCCALL JONES HERE →
I’ll let you find out directly from McCall what her bonus is all about in the replay, but I’ll just say that I am SO STOKED that she’ls actually giving this completely NEW training away FOR FREE.
REMEMBER: When you secure your FHL 10 ticket ASAP you get access to ALL of the following speaker bonuses –-
Ashley Kirkwood’s Bonus! The “cheat sheet” that will not only help INCREASE your engagement and sales… but can change your entire business model into the one you’ve always wanted!! (Watch Ashley’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Eileen Wilder’s Bonus! Hours of coaching content teaching you her framework of persuasion and influence you can use absolutely ANYWHERE to maximize influence and quickly increase sales!! (Watch Eileen’s bonus reveal HERE→)
- Tim Shields’ Bonus! THE essential webinar-building companion that will help you create your expert level, game-changing webinar faster than you ever thought possible! (Watch Tim’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Trent Shelton’s Bonus! Become a more confident and successful speaker and overall expert communicator with Trent’s extremely beneficial training that will help you improve in ALL areas of selling! (Watch Trent’s bonus reveal HERE→)
- Armand Morin’s Bonus! Discover the exact formula Armand uses to compound the effectiveness of the “stack and close” system! (Watch Armand’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Garrett J. White’s Bonus! Unlock the six skills you need to become a true movement maker in business with Garrett’s 3-day FREE virtual training!! (Watch Garrett’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Josiah Grimes’ Bonus! Uncover Josiah’s incredible wealth of knowledge that will work in ANY NICHE! (Watch Josiah’s bonus reveal HERE→)
Andy Elliott’s Bonus! Become a better entrepreneur, become a better spouse, become a better human being!! (Watch Andy’s speaker reveal HERE→)
-
McCall Jones’ Bonus! (Watch McCall’s bonus reveal HERE→) Learn how to apply your unique voice to my (Russell’s) strategies for top-converting presentations and offers!
- The FREE bonuses of ALL the remaining FHL 10 speakers I have yet to reveal!!
PLEASE REMEMBER that these bonuses WILL NOT be available for much longer. Once they’ve been removed, no future ticket buyers will be able to access them, so get your tickets ASAP!!
I’ll be going live again TOMORROW to reveal another FHL 10 speaker as well as their FREE bonus…
Top business growth consultant, best-selling author, YouTube personality, international speaker…
No matter what your business may be lacking, this man can help.
Keep your eyes peeled for tomorrow’s email with the link to watch the LIVE reveal!!
See you there!
© Etison LLC
By reading this, you agree to all of the following: You understand this to be an expression of opinions and not professional advice. You are solely responsible for the use of any content and hold Etison LLC and all members and affiliates harmless in any event or claim.
If you purchase anything through a link in this email, you should assume that we have an affiliate relationship with the company providing the product or service that you purchase, and that we will be paid in some way. We recommend that you do your own independent research before purchasing anything.
Copyright © 2018+ Etison LLC. All Rights Reserved.
To make sure you keep getting these emails, please add us to your address book or whitelist us. If you don't want to receive any other emails, click on the unsubscribe link below.
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 10:21 - 21 Jan 2025 -
Ashley Kirkwood’s Bonus! The “cheat sheet” that will not only help INCREASE your engagement and sales… but can change your entire business model into the one you’ve always wanted!! (Watch Ashley’s bonus reveal HERE→)
-
Tackling geopolitical risk through value creation
Intersection
Share this email
Business leaders continue to view geopolitical tensions as the biggest risk to economic growth, say McKinsey senior partner Sven Smit and coauthors. To learn how companies can proactively respond to global risks while focusing on value creation, check out the latest edition of the Five Fifty.
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by "McKinsey Quarterly Five Fifty" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 05:14 - 21 Jan 2025 -
[FHL] NEW Speaker Interview + FREE bonus!
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P.S. Don’t forget, you’re just one funnel away…
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 03:31 - 21 Jan 2025 -
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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 12:23 - 21 Jan 2025 -
How LinkedIn Scaled User Restriction System to 5 Million Queries Per Second
How LinkedIn Scaled User Restriction System to 5 Million Queries Per Second
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In this eBook, you'll learn about business observability best practices through real world use cases from Datadog customers. You'll also get an actionable framework for selecting and implementing a business observability strategy yourself.Disclaimer: The details in this post have been derived from the LinkedIn Engineering Blog. All credit for the technical details goes to the LinkedIn engineering team. The links to the original articles are present in the references section at the end of the post. We’ve attempted to analyze the details and provide our input about them. If you find any inaccuracies or omissions, please leave a comment, and we will do our best to fix them.
One of the primary goals of LinkedIn is to provide a safe and professional environment for its members.
At the heart of this effort lies a system called CASAL.
CASAL stands for Community Abuse and Safety Application Layer. This platform is the first line of defense against bad actors and adversarial attacks. It combines technology and human expertise to identify and prevent harmful activities.
The various aspects of this system are as follows:
ML Models: The ML models analyze patterns in user behavior to detect anything unusual or suspicious. For example, if a user suddenly sends hundreds of connection requests to strangers or repeatedly posts harmful content, the system can flag these activities for review.
Rule-Based Systems: These systems work based on pre-defined rules. Think of them as guidelines that help the platform decide what’s acceptable and what’s not. For instance, certain words or actions that violate LinkedIn’s policies (like hate speech or spam) automatically trigger alerts.
Human Review Processes: Not everything can be left to machines. A dedicated team of human experts steps in to review flagged activities and make decisions on borderline cases.
Multi-Faceted Restrictions: Not all harmful activities are the same. This is why LinkedIn uses multi-faceted restrictions. Some restrictions might involve temporarily limiting a user’s actions, like stopping them from sending connection requests for a while. Other situations may require more severe measures, such as permanently blocking an account if it poses a significant threat.
Together, these tools form a multi-layered shield, protecting LinkedIn’s community from abuse while maintaining a professional and trusted space for networking.
In this article, we’ll look at the design and evolution of LinkedIn’s enforcement infrastructure in detail.
Evolution of Enforcement Infrastructure
There have been three major generations of LinkedIn’s restriction enforcement system. Let’s look at each generation in detail.
First Generation
Initially, LinkedIn used a relational database (Oracle) to store and manage restriction data.
Restrictions were stored in Oracle tables, with different types of restrictions isolated into separate tables for better organization and manageability. CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) workflows were designed to handle the lifecycle of restriction records, ensuring proper updates and removal when necessary.
See the diagram below:
Source: LinkedIn Engineering Blog However, this approach posed a few challenges:
As LinkedIn grew and transitioned to a microservices architecture, the relational database approach couldn’t keep up with the increasing demand.
The architecture became cumbersome due to Oracle’s limitations in handling high query volumes and maintaining low latency.
Server-Side Cache Implementation
To address the scaling challenges, the team introduced server-side caching. This significantly reduced latency by minimizing the need for frequent database queries.
A cache-aside strategy was employed that worked as follows:
When restriction data was requested, the system first checked the in-memory cache.
If the data was present in the cache (cache hit), it was served immediately.
If the data was not found (cache miss), it was fetched from the database and asynchronously updated in the cache for future requests.
See the diagram below that shows the server-side cache approach:
Restrictions were assigned predefined TTL (Time-to-Live) values, ensuring the cached data was refreshed periodically.
There were also shortcomings with this approach:
The server-side cache wasn’t distributed, meaning individual hosts had to manage their caches.
The approach worked well for low-traffic scenarios, but struggled under high cache-hit demands, necessitating further improvements.
Client-Side Cache Addition
Building on the server-side cache, LinkedIn introduced client-side caching to enhance performance further. This approach enabled upstream applications (like LinkedIn Feed and Talent Solutions) to maintain their local caches.
See the diagram below:
To facilitate this, a client-side library was developed to cache the restriction data directly on application hosts, reducing the dependency on server-side caches.
Even this approach had some challenges as follows:
Client-side caching increased operational complexity as engineers had to maintain consistency between client and server caches.
Refresh operations strained the database, especially during updates or restarts when caches had to be reloaded.
Full Refresh-Ahead Cache
To overcome some of the challenges with client-side caching, the team adopted a full refresh-ahead cache model for the system.
In this approach, each client stored all restriction data in its local memory, eliminating the need for frequent database queries. A polling mechanism regularly checked for updates to maintain cache freshness.
This led to a remarkable improvement in latencies, primarily because all member data was readily available on the client side. There was no need for network calls.
However, the approach also had some limitations and trade-offs:
The memory footprint was significant, as each client needed enough memory to store the entire dataset.
During application restarts or deployments, the system experienced high resource consumption to reload all data, resulting in performance bottlenecks.
The increased database load during refresh operations led to latency spikes and stressed the Oracle database infrastructure.
Bloom Filters
To address scalability and efficiency challenges, LinkedIn implemented Bloom Filters.
Bloom Filter is a probabilistic data structure designed to handle large datasets efficiently. Instead of storing the full dataset, it used a compact, memory-efficient encoding to determine whether a restriction record existed in the system. If a query matched a record in the Bloom Filter, the system would proceed to apply the restriction.
The main advantage of using Bloom Filter was to conserve valuable resources. It reduced the memory footprint compared to traditional caching mechanisms. Also, queries were processed rapidly, improving system responsiveness.
However, Bloom Filters also had some trade-offs:
Bloom Filters are probabilistic, meaning there is a small chance of false positives where the filter incorrectly indicates a restriction exists.
Despite this, the trade-off was deemed acceptable for LinkedIn’s use case, as it ensured high performance and scalability.
Second Generation
As LinkedIn grew and its platform became more complex, the engineering team recognized the limitations of its first-generation system, which relied heavily on relational databases and caching strategies.
To keep up with the demands of a billion-member platform, the second generation of LinkedIn’s restriction enforcement system was designed.
The second-generation system had several important goals such as:
High QPS (4-5 million): The system had to handle restriction enforcement for every request across LinkedIn’s extensive product offerings.
Ultra-Low Latency (<5 ms): The new system relied on in-memory lookups for fetching restriction data, eliminating the need for repeated database queries. This approach drastically reduced response times, ensuring a seamless experience for LinkedIn members and applications.
High Availability (Five 9’s): The system was designed to achieve 99.999% availability, a level of reliability critical for enforcing restrictions without interruptions. By distributing data across multiple nodes and data centers, the system minimized the risk of downtime.
Horizontal Scaling: To support the growing volume of restrictions and requests, the system could scale horizontally by adding more nodes or servers.
Data Freshness and Synchronization: Real-time updates through Kafka ensured that all restriction data remained synchronized across the platform, avoiding inconsistencies.
Adoption of NoSQL Distributed Systems
One of the key innovations in this generation was the migration of restriction data management to LinkedIn’s Espresso, a custom-built distributed NoSQL document store.
This is because relational databases like Oracle struggled with the high query throughput and latency requirements of LinkedIn’s growing platform. Espresso, being a distributed NoSQL system, provided better scalability and performance while maintaining data consistency.
Espresso was tightly integrated with Kafka, LinkedIn’s real-time data streaming platform. Every time a new restriction record was created, Espresso would emit Kafka messages containing the data and metadata of the record. These Kafka messages enabled real-time synchronization of restriction data across multiple servers and data centers, ensuring that the system always had the latest information.
See the diagram below to understand the architecture of the 2nd generation restriction enforcement system.
Despite its many advancements, the second-generation system faced some operational challenges, particularly during specific scenarios:
Bootstrapping Data During Restarts:
When a server or application restarted, it needed to reload all restriction records from the database into its memory.
This process, known as bootstrapping, was resource-intensive and time-consuming, often taking over 30 minutes for large datasets.
The high load during bootstrapping could strain the Espresso database and impact system performance.
Handling Large-Scale Growth: While the system scaled well horizontally, the sheer volume of restriction records and requests during periods of high adversarial activity tested the limits of infrastructure.
CAP Theorem
LinkedIn had to make critical architectural choices concerning CAP Theorem trade-offs while designing the second-generation system.
The CAP Theorem states that a system can only achieve two out of the following three guarantees at any given time:
Consistency (C): Every read receives the most recent write or an error.
Availability (A): Every request receives a non-error response, regardless of the state of any individual node.
Partition Tolerance (P): The system continues to operate even when there is a network partition.
LinkedIn prioritized consistency (C) and availability (A) over partition tolerance (P). The decision was driven by their latency and reliability goals.
The restriction enforcement system needed to provide accurate and up-to-date data across the platform. Incorrect or outdated restriction records could lead to security lapses or poor user experiences. Also, high availability was essential for ensuring that restrictions could be enforced seamlessly, even during peak activity periods.
LinkedIn's previous experiences with partitioned databases revealed that partitions could introduce latencies that conflicted with their stringent performance requirements (for example, ultra-low latency of <5 ms).
The use of Espresso allowed LinkedIn to handle consistency and availability more effectively within their system design. Integration with Kafka ensured that restriction records were synchronized across servers in real-time, maintaining consistency without significant delays.
Third Generation
As LinkedIn grew even further, the second-generation restriction enforcement system, though robust, began to show strain under the increasing volume of data and adversarial attacks.
Therefore, the LinkedIn engineering team implemented a new generation of its restriction enforcement system. See the diagram below:
The third generation introduced innovations focused on optimizing memory usage, improving resilience, and accelerating the bootstrap process.
1 - Off-Heap Memory Utilization
One of the major bottlenecks in the second-generation system was the reliance on in-heap memory for data storage. This approach led to challenges with Garbage Collection (GC) cycles, which caused latency spikes and degraded system performance.
To address these issues, the third-generation system moved data storage to off-heap memory.
Unlike in-heap memory (managed by the Java Virtual Machine), off-heap memory exists outside the JVM’s control. By shifting data storage to off-heap memory, the system reduced the frequency and intensity of GC events.
Some benefits of this approach were as follows:
Off-heap memory provided more space for storing restriction data without overloading the JVM heap.
This change reduced GC interruptions, resulting in smoother and more consistent system performance.
Hosts could handle larger datasets without increasing the risk of hitting memory limits.
2 - Venice and DaVinci Framework
To further optimize the system, the LinkedIn engineering team introduced DaVinci, an advanced client library, and integrated it with Venice, a scalable derived data platform.
Here’s how these tools work together:
DaVinci operates as an eager cache, meaning it proactively loads all restriction data into memory at the start. This eliminated the need for frequent on-demand lookups.
The restriction data was stored in bitset-like data structures, which are highly memory-efficient. These structures allowed the system to manage large datasets while minimizing memory footprint.
Venice, a distributed platform designed for derived data, enabled seamless integration and synchronization of restriction data. It allowed DaVinci to fetch and store data efficiently, ensuring high-speed performance even during periods of intense activity.
The innovations in the third-generation system addressed many of the limitations of its predecessors. A couple of benefits were as follows:
Faster Bootstrapping Processes: With DaVinci’s eager caching, restriction data was loaded into memory more quickly during server restarts or deployments. This reduced downtime and ensured the system could respond to restrictions almost immediately after initialization.
Greater Resilience: The system was better equipped to handle organic growth (more users and data) and adversarial data growth (spikes in restrictions due to malicious activity). By leveraging memory-efficient data structures and off-heap storage, the system could scale without running into performance bottlenecks.
Conclusion
From the early reliance on relational databases to the adoption of advanced NoSQL systems like Espresso, and the integration of cutting-edge frameworks like DaVinci and Venice, every stage of development of the restriction enforcement system showcased LinkedIn's focus on innovation.
However, this journey was not just about innovation. It was also guided by a clear set of principles such as:
Start Simple, Scale Thoughtfully: Early designs avoided unnecessary complexity, focusing on solving immediate problems in a straightforward manner.
Proactive Problem Identification: This approach allowed the engineering team to anticipate challenges, such as memory pressure or latency spikes, and address them with strategic solutions.
Collaboration Across Teams: Cross-team collaboration enhanced efficiency by promoting knowledge sharing and reducing redundant efforts.
Benchmarking and Testing: Time-bound experiments and performance benchmarks allowed the team to evaluate approaches quickly.
Continuous Improvement: Each generation of the restriction enforcement system is built upon the successes and shortcomings of the previous one.
References:
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by "ByteByteGo" <bytebytego@substack.com> - 11:34 - 21 Jan 2025 -
ENDS in 4 hours… (plus replay inside)
This is it – your LAST CHANCE to secure your FHL ticket and be entered into a drawing for your chance to win VIP Experience and hang w/ me at FHL
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Grab your FHL ticket here now before this chance ends in 4 hours →
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Russell Brunson
P.S. Don’t forget, you’re just one funnel away…
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by "Russell Brunson" <noreply@clickfunnelsnotifications.com> - 03:25 - 21 Jan 2025 -
How leaders can start to strengthen global cooperation
On McKinsey Perspectives
Brought to you by Alex Panas, global leader of industries, & Axel Karlsson, global leader of functional practices and growth platforms
Welcome to the latest edition of Only McKinsey Perspectives. We hope you find our insights useful. Let us know what you think at Alex_Panas@McKinsey.com and Axel_Karlsson@McKinsey.com.
—Alex and Axel
•
Stagnant cooperation. The world order seems to be fragmenting at a time when cooperation is needed most, McKinsey global managing partner Bob Sternfels, McKinsey Global Institute director Olivia White, and their coauthors share. The Global Cooperation Barometer—which was developed by McKinsey and WEF and measures the extent to which global stakeholders are working together on critical trends—aims to help leaders understand the broad issues that affect billions of people’s lives and livelihoods. The barometer indicates that after trending positively for most of the past decade, global cooperation has reversed course since 2020.
•
Pillars of partnership. The barometer assesses five pillars of global cooperation; some areas have seen increased cooperation, while others exhibit declines. For instance, cooperation in flows of trade, capital, and people grew during the COVID-19 pandemic but decelerated in 2023. Meanwhile, in peace and security, cohesiveness has declined sharply since 2020. Explore the strategies that can enhance global cooperation, and as Day 3 of Davos is underway, discover related insights on geopolitics and resilience, one of McKinsey’s priority themes at this year’s meeting.
—Edited by Belinda Yu, editor, Atlanta
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by "Only McKinsey Perspectives" <publishing@email.mckinsey.com> - 01:27 - 21 Jan 2025
